Objective

This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics and survival rates of children with acute myeloid leukemia treated in hospitals in southern Brazil and compare them with international data.

Methods

A multicenter cohort study was conducted with retrospective data collection of all new patients with acute myeloid leukemia under 18 treated at five referral centers in pediatric hematology-oncology in southern Brazil between January 2005 and December 2015.

Results

Of the 149 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 63.0% (n = 94) were male. The median age at diagnosis was 10.5 years (range 0–18 years) and 40.3% (n = 60) had a white blood cell count below 50,000/mm². The most common Franco-American-British (FAB) subtype was M3 (n = 43, 28.9%). Nine (6.0%) patients had central nervous system disease. In M3 patients, overall survival (OS) was 69.2% and 3-year event-free survival was 67.7%; in non-M3 patients, these rates were 45.3% and 36.7%, respectively. In non-M3 patients, OS was significantly different between transplanted (61.8%) and non-transplanted (38.2%) patients (p = 0.031).

Conclusions

These results show a higher prevalence of the Franco-American-British M3 subtype than that reported in the international literature, as well as a decreased OS compared with that of developed countries. Further multicenter Brazilian studies with a larger sample size are encouraged to better understand the characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia, and to improve the treatment and prognosis in this population.

中文翻译：

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儿童急性髓系白血病流行病学评估及生存情况

客观的

本研究旨在描述在巴西南部医院接受治疗的急性髓性白血病儿童的流行病学特征和存活率，并将其与国际数据进行比较。

方法

一项多中心队列研究对 2005 年 1 月至 2015 年 12 月期间在巴西南部五个儿科血液肿瘤学转诊中心接受治疗的所有 18 岁以下急性髓性白血病新患者进行了回顾性数据收集。

结果

149 例急性髓细胞白血病患者中，63.0%（n  =  94）为男性。诊断时的中位年龄为 10.5 岁（范围 0-18 岁），40.3%（n  =  60）的白细胞计数低于 50,000/mm ²。最常见的法美英 (FAB) 亚型是 M3 ( n  =  43, 28.9%)。九名（6.0%）患者患有中枢神经系统疾病。在 M3 患者中，总生存期 (OS) 为 69.2%，3 年无事件生存率为 67.7%；在非 M3 患者中，这些比率分别为 45.3% 和 36.7%。在非 M3 患者中，移植 (61.8%) 和非移植 (38.2%) 患者的 OS 存在显着差异 ( p  =  0.031)。

结论

这些结果表明，法美英 M3 亚型的患病率高于国际文献报道的亚型，并且与发达国家相比，OS 降低。鼓励进一步开展更大样本量的多中心巴西研究，以更好地了解急性髓性白血病的特征，并改善该人群的治疗和预后。