Abstract

Based on material published between 1989 and 2018 in this paper high performance liquid chromatography and electromigration techniques used in studies of natural dyes that can be found in historical objects are rewieved. Different aspects of analysis have been discussed: the stationary and mobile phase, the choice of sample solvent, methods of extraction and detection, including sensitivity parameters, such as LOD and/or LOQ. The discussed dyes have been divided into three categories (a) red antraquinone dyes along with dyes extracted from bark and tree juices, (b) yellow flavonoid dyes and saffron and (c) blue indigoid dyes. The main markers (chromophores or auxochromes) typical for each dye source were presented which allows to identify specific species of source plants and animals. The first part of the study involved the analysis of most critical findings when it comes to HPLC or represented an significant analytical approach. The second part of the study is focused on different aspects of electromigration techniques application in analysis of natural dyes with special attention paid on such parameters as the running buffer/mobile phase composition and sample solvent. Detection methods along with LOD and LOQ comparison in HPLC and electromigration techniques were also discussed. Methods of sample preparation, such as hydrolysis and extraction, used in HPLC and electromigration techniques were also briefly discussed.

摘要

本文基于 1989 年至 2018 年间发表的材料，重新梳理了用于研究历史物体中天然染料的高效液相色谱和电迁移技术。讨论了分析的不同方面：固定相和流动相、样品溶剂的选择、提取和检测方法，包括灵敏度参数，例如 LOD 和/或 LOQ。所讨论的染料分为三类（a）红色蒽醌染料以及从树皮和树汁中提取的染料，（b）黄色类黄酮染料和藏红花以及（c）蓝色靛蓝染料。介绍了每种染料来源典型的主要标记物（发色团或辅助色素），可以识别来源植物和动物的特定物种。该研究的第一部分涉及对 HPLC 或代表一种重要分析方法的最重要发现的分析。研究的第二部分侧重于电迁移技术在天然染料分析中应用的不同方面，特别关注运行缓冲液/流动相组成和样品溶剂等参数。还讨论了检测方法以及 HPLC 和电迁移技术中的 LOD 和 LOQ 比较。还简要讨论了 HPLC 和电迁移技术中使用的样品制备方法，例如水解和萃取。研究的第二部分侧重于电迁移技术在天然染料分析中应用的不同方面，特别关注运行缓冲液/流动相组成和样品溶剂等参数。还讨论了检测方法以及 HPLC 和电迁移技术中的 LOD 和 LOQ 比较。还简要讨论了 HPLC 和电迁移技术中使用的样品制备方法，例如水解和萃取。研究的第二部分侧重于电迁移技术在天然染料分析中应用的不同方面，特别关注运行缓冲液/流动相组成和样品溶剂等参数。还讨论了检测方法以及 HPLC 和电迁移技术中的 LOD 和 LOQ 比较。还简要讨论了 HPLC 和电迁移技术中使用的样品制备方法，例如水解和萃取。