Aim and Objective: Humans continuously use pesticides in the field to control the pest population and weeds for considerable agricultural productivity. Side-by species like grazinganimals, insects and other species are adversely affected by or become resistant to pesticides. Insects, birds and cattle are highly abundant dwellers of the agriculture-field and represent three distinct phyla having versatile physiological features. Besides higher agricultural-productivity, protection to several species will maintain ecological/environmental balance. Studies on the effect of widely used pesticides on their DNA-stability and important enzymatic-activities are insufficient.

Materials and Methods: Antioxidant-activity (Superoxide-dismutase; SOD/Catalase- by gelzymogram- assay) and DNA-stability (fragmentation-assay) in hepatic/gut tissues were studied after in vitro exposure of Chlorpyrifos, Fenvalerate, Nimbecidine or Azadirachtin to goat/cow/poultry-hen/insect.

Results: In general, all pesticides were found to impair enzymatic-activities. However, lower organisms were affected more than higher vertebrates by azadirachtin-treatment. DNA fragmentation was found more in insects/poultry-birds than that of the cattle in hepatic/gut tissues. Inversely, toxicity/antioxidant marker-enzymes were more responsive in insect gut-tissues. However, mitochondrialtoxicity revealed variable effects on different species. It has been noticed that chlorpyrifos is the most toxic pesticide, followed by Fenvalerate/Nimbecidine (Azadirachtin, AZT). Nevertheless, AZT revealed its higher DNA-destabilizing effects on the field-insects as compared to the other animals.

Conclusion: Field-insects are highly integrated into the ecosystem and the local bio-geo-chemical cycle, which may be impaired. Pesticides may have toxic effects on higher vertebrates and may sustain in the soil after being metabolized into their different derivatives. Some of the sensitive biochemical parameters of this organism may be used as a biomarker for pesticide toxicity.

目的和目的：人类在田间不断使用农药来控制害虫的数量和杂草，以提高农业生产力。诸如放牧动物，昆虫和其他物种之类的并用物种受到农药的不利影响或对其产生抗性。昆虫，鸟类和牲畜是农业领域中高度丰富的居民，代表着三个具有多种生理特征的不同门。除了提高农业生产力外，对几种物种的保护还将保持生态/环境平衡。关于广泛使用的农药对其DNA稳定性和重要酶活性的影响的研究还不够。

材料和方法：毒死rif，苯甲戊草酸酯，宁贝西丁或印za素在体外暴露于肝/肠道后，研究了肝/肠组织中的抗氧化活性（超氧化物歧化酶； SOD /过氧化氢酶，通过酶谱测定）和DNA稳定性（碎片测定）。山羊/牛/家禽/昆虫

结果：通常，所有农药均会损害酶活性。然而，印za素处理对低等生物的影响比对高等脊椎动物的影响大。在昆虫/家禽中发现的DNA片段比在肝脏/肠组织中的牛更易碎。相反，毒性/抗氧化标记酶在昆虫肠道组织中的反应更强。然而，线粒体毒性显示出对不同物种的不同影响。已经注意到毒死rif是毒性最高的杀虫剂，其次是苯丙戊酸酯/苯甲吡啶（印za素，AZT）。然而，AZT揭示了与其他动物相比，它对野外昆虫具有更高的DNA失稳作用。

结论：野外昆虫已高度整合到生态系统和当地生物地球化学循环中，这可能会受到损害。农药可能对高等脊椎动物产生毒性作用，并可能在代谢成不同的衍生物后在土壤中维持。该生物的一些敏感的生化参数可以用作杀虫剂毒性的生物标记。