Most living organisms rely on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to store their genetic information and perpetuate themselves. This biological information has been considered as the main target of evolution. However, here we show that symmetries and patterns in the dsDNA sequence can emerge from the physical peculiarities of the dsDNA molecule itself and the maximum entropy principle alone, rather than from biological or environmental evolutionary pressure. The randomness justifies the human codon biases and context-dependent mutation patterns in human populations. Thus, the DNA ‘exceptional symmetries,’ emerged from the randomness, have to be taken into account when looking for the DNA encoded information. Our results suggest that the double helix energy constraints and, more generally, the physical properties of the dsDNA are the hard drivers of the overall DNA sequence architecture, whereas the selective biological processes act as soft drivers, which only under extraordinary circumstances overtake the overall entropy content of the genome.

中文翻译：

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来自随机性的 DNA 序列对称性：查格夫第二奇偶校验规则的起源

大多数生物体依靠双链 DNA (dsDNA) 来存储其遗传信息并使自身永存。这种生物信息被认为是进化的主要目标。然而，在这里我们表明 dsDNA 序列中的对称性和模式可以从 dsDNA 分子本身的物理特性和最大熵原理中单独出现，而不是来自生物或环境进化压力。随机性证明了人类密码子偏差和人群中依赖于上下文的突变模式。因此，在寻找 DNA 编码信息时，必须考虑从随机性中出现的 DNA“异常对称性”。我们的结果表明双螺旋能量限制，更一般地说，