Clinically relevant neuroanatomy is challenging to teach, learn and remember since many functionally important structures are visualized best using histology stains from serial 2D planar sections of the brain. In clinical patients, the locations of specific structures then must be inferred from spatial position and surface anatomy. A 3D MRI dataset of neuroanatomy has several advantages including simultaneous multi-planar visualization in the same brain, direct end-user manipulation of the data and image contrast identical to clinical MRI. We created 3D MRI datasets of the postmortem brain with high spatial and contrast resolution for simultaneous multi-planar visualization of complex neuroanatomy.

Whole human brains (N = 6) were immersion-fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 4 weeks, then washed continuously in water for 48 h. The brains were imaged on a clinical 3-T MRI scanner with a 64-channel head and neck coil using a 3D T2-weighted sequence with 400-micron isotropic resolution (voxel = 0.064 mm³; time = 7 h). Besides resolution, this sequence has multiple adjustments to improve contrast compared to a clinical protocol, including 93% reduced turbo factor and 77% reduced effective echo time.

This MRI microscopy protocol provided excellent contrast resolution of small nuclei and internal myelinated pathways within the basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Contrast was sufficient to visualize the presence and variation of horizontal layers in the cerebral cortex. 3D isotropic resolution datasets facilitated simultaneous multi-planar visualization and efficient production of specific tailored oblique image orientations to improve understanding of complex neuroanatomy.

We created an unlabeled high-resolution digital 3D MRI dataset of neuroanatomy as an online resource for readers to download, manipulate, annotate and use for clinical practice, research, and teaching that is complementary to traditional histology-based atlases. Digital MRI contrast is quantifiable, reproducible across brains and could help validate novel MRI strategies for in vivo structure visualization.

临床相关的神经解剖学在教授、学习和记忆方面具有挑战性，因为许多功能重要的结构最好使用大脑连续二维平面切片的组织学染色进行可视化。在临床患者中，特定结构的位置必须从空间位置和表面解剖结构中推断出来。神经解剖学的 3D MRI 数据集具有多个优点，包括在同一大脑中同时进行多平面可视化、最终用户对数据的直接操作以及与临床 MRI 相同的图像对比度。我们创建了具有高空间和对比度分辨率的死后大脑的 3D MRI 数据集，用于复杂神经解剖结构的同时多平面可视化。

整个人的大脑（ñ= 6) 在 4% 甲醛中浸泡固定 4 周，然后在水中连续洗涤 48 小时。^{使用具有 400 微米各向同性分辨率（体素 = 0.064 mm 3}；时间 = 7 小时）的 3D T2 加权序列，在具有 64 通道头颈线圈的临床 3-T MRI 扫描仪上对大脑进行成像。除了分辨率之外，与临床方案相比，该序列还进行了多项调整以提高对比度，包括减少 93% 的涡轮因子和减少 77% 的有效回波时间。

这种 MRI 显微镜检查方案为基底神经节、丘脑、脑干和小脑内的小核和内部髓鞘通路提供了出色的对比度分辨率。对比度足以可视化大脑皮层水平层的存在和变化。3D 各向同性分辨率数据集有助于同时进行多平面可视化和有效生成特定定制的倾斜图像方向，以提高对复杂神经解剖学的理解。

我们创建了一个未标记的高分辨率数字 3D MRI 神经解剖学数据集，作为供读者下载、操作、注释和用于临床实践、研究和教学的在线资源，与传统的基于组织学的图谱相辅相成。数字 MRI 对比度是可量化的，可在大脑中重现，并有助于验证新的 MRI 策略体内结构可视化。