Significance: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychological disease in childhood. Currently, widely used neuroimaging techniques require complete body confinement and motionlessness and thus are extremely hard for brain scanning of ADHD children. Aim: We present resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an imaging technique to record spontaneous brain activity in children with ADHD. Approach: The brain functional connectivity was calculated, and the graph theoretical analysis was further applied to investigate alterations in the global and regional properties of the brain network in the patients. In addition, the relationship between brain network features and core symptoms was examined. Results: ADHD patients exhibited significant decreases in both functional connectivity and global network efficiency. Meanwhile, the nodal efficiency in children with ADHD was also found to be altered, e.g., increase in the visual and dorsal attention networks and decrease in somatomotor and default mode networks, compared to the healthy controls. More importantly, the disrupted functional connectivity and nodal efficiency significantly correlated with dimensional ADHD scores. Conclusions: We clearly demonstrate the feasibility and potential of fNIRS-based connectome technique in ADHD or other neurological diseases in the future.

中文翻译：

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注意缺陷/多动障碍儿童的功能性大脑连接网络中断：来自静止状态功能性近红外光谱的证据。

启示：注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）是儿童时期最常见的心理疾病。当前，广泛使用的神经成像技术需要完全的身体约束和不动，因此对于多动症儿童的脑部扫描极为困难。目的：我们提出静止状态功能近红外光谱法（fNIRS）作为一种成像技术来记录多动症儿童的自发性大脑活动。方法：计算了大脑的功能连通性，并将图理论分析进一步应用于研究患者大脑网络的全局和区域特性的变化。另外，检查了脑网络特征与核心症状之间的关系。结果：ADHD患者在功能连接和全球网络效率方面均表现出显着下降。同时，与健康对照组相比，ADHD患儿的淋巴结效率也被改变，例如，视觉和背侧注意网络增加，躯体运动和默认模式网络减少。更重要的是，功能连接性和节点效率的中断与维度ADHD评分显着相关。结论：我们清楚地证明了基于fNIRS的连接组技术在未来多动症或其他神经系统疾病中的可行性和潜力。与健康对照组相比 更重要的是，功能连接性和节点效率的中断与维度ADHD评分显着相关。结论：我们清楚地证明了基于fNIRS的连接组技术在未来多动症或其他神经系统疾病中的可行性和潜力。与健康对照组相比。更重要的是，功能连接性和节点效率的中断与维度ADHD评分显着相关。结论：我们清楚地证明了基于fNIRS的连接组技术在未来多动症或其他神经系统疾病中的可行性和潜力。