Fungal communities play a crucial role in maintaining the health of managed and natural soil environments, which directly or indirectly affect the properties of plants and other soil inhabitants. As part of a Citizen Science Project initiated by the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and the Utrecht University Museum, which aimed to describe novel fungal species from Dutch garden soil, the diversity of Didymellaceae, which is one of the largest families in the Dothideomycetes was investigated. A preliminary analysis of the ITS and LSU sequences from the obtained isolates allowed the identification of 148 strains belonging to the family. Based on a multi-locus phylogeny of a combined ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 alignment, and morphological characteristics, 20 different species were identified in nine genera, namely Ascochyta, Calophoma, Didymella, Juxtiphoma, Nothophoma, Paraboeremia, Phomatodes, Stagonosporopsis, and Xenodidymella. Several isolates confirmed to be ubiquitous plant pathogens or endophytes were for the first time identified from soil, such as Ascochyta syringae, Calophoma clematidis-rectae, and Paraboeremia litseae. Furthermore, one new genus and 12 novel species were described from soil: Ascochyta benningiorum sp. nov., Didymella degraaffiae sp. nov., D. kooimaniorum sp. nov., Juxtiphoma kolkmaniorum sp. nov., Nothophoma brennandiae sp. nov., Paraboeremia rekkeri sp. nov., P. truiniorum sp. nov., Stagonosporopsis stuijvenbergii sp. nov., S. weymaniae sp. nov., Vandijckomycella joseae gen. nov. et sp. nov., V. snoekiae sp. nov., and Xenodidymella weymaniae sp. nov. From the results of this study, soil was revealed to be a rich substrate for members of Didymellaceae, several of which were previously known only from diseased or apparently healthy plant hosts.

中文翻译：

---

公民科学项目揭示了双翅目科（Pleosporales，Dothideomycetes）的高度多样性。

真菌群落在维持有管理的自然土壤环境的健康方面起着至关重要的作用，直接或间接影响植物和其他土壤居民的特性。作为Westerdijk真菌生物多样性研究所和乌得勒支大学博物馆发起的公民科学项目的一部分，该项目旨在描述荷兰菜园土壤中的新颖真菌物种，对Didymellaceae的多样性进行了调查，该物种是Dothideomycetes中最大的科之一。从获得的分离物中对ITS和LSU序列进行初步分析，可以鉴定出148个属于该家族的菌株。基于ITS，LSU，rpb2和tub2排列比对的多基因位系统发育以及形态学特征，在9个属中鉴定了20种不同的物种，分别是草皮科，钙生瘤，迪迪米拉，副疱疹，嗜碱性粒细胞瘤，附生菌血症，噬菌体，链球菌和异双歧杆菌。首次从土壤中鉴定出几种被确认为普遍存在的植物病原体或内生菌的分离株，例如丁香Ascochyta syringae，Calophoma clematidis-rectae和Paraboeremia litseae。此外，还描述了土壤中的一个新属和12个新种：Ascochyta benningiorum sp。11月，Didymella degraaffiae sp。十一月，D. kooimaniorum sp。十一月，Juxtiphoma kolkmaniorum sp。十一月，Brennandiae sp.。十一月，Paraboeremia rekkeri sp。十一月，P. truiniorum sp。十一月，Stagonosporopsis stuijvenbergii sp。十一月，S. weymaniae sp。十一月，Vandijckomycella joseae gen。十一月 等。十一月，V. snoekiae sp。十一月，和Xenodidymella weymaniae sp。十一月 根据这项研究的结果，土壤被认为是双毛纲科成员的丰富底物，