In an attempt to find an alternative and potent source of diosgenin, a steroidal saponin in great demand for its pharmaceutical importance, Helicteres isora suspension cultures were explored for diosgenin extraction. The effect of biotic elicitors on the biosynthesis of diosgenin, in suspension cultures of H. isora was studied. Bacterial as well as fungal elicitors such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger were applied at varying concentrations to investigate their effects on diosgenin content. The HPLC based quantification of the treated samples proved that amongst the biotic elicitors, E. coli (1.5%) proved best with a 9.1-fold increase in diosgenin content over respective control cultures. Further, the scaling-up of the suspension culture to shake-flask and ultimately to bioreactor level were carried out for production of diosgenin. During all the scaling-up stages, diosgenin yield obtained was in the range between 7.91 and 8.64 mg l⁻¹, where diosgenin content was increased with volume of the medium. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed biotic elicitors induced the expression levels of regulatory genes in diosgenin biosynthetic pathway, the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and cycloartenol synthase (CAS), which can be positively correlated with elicited diosgenin contents in those cultures. The study holds significance as H. isora represents a cleaner and easy source of diosgenin where unlike other traditional sources, it is not admixed with other steroidal saponins, and the scaled-up levels of diosgenin achieved herein have the potential to be explored commercially.

中文翻译：

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生物诱导子通过上调CAS和HMGR基因来增强Helicteres isora L.悬浮培养物中薯di皂甙元的产生。

为了找到薯os皂苷元的替代和有效来源，薯os皂苷是对其药物重要性的迫切需求，探索了Helicteres isora悬浮培养物用于薯os皂甙元的提取。研究了在H. isora的悬浮培养物中生物激发子对薯os皂素的生物合成的影响。细菌和真菌引发剂，例如大肠杆菌，枯草芽孢杆菌，酿酒酵母和黑曲霉的浓度不同，以研究其对薯os皂苷元含量的影响。基于HPLC的处理样品定量证明，在生物引发剂中，大肠杆菌（1.5％）的薯os皂甙元含量比相应的对照培养物增加了9.1倍，被证明是最好的。此外，为了产生薯culture皂苷元，将悬浮培养物按比例放大至摇瓶并最终达到生物反应器水平。在所有放大阶段中，薯di皂素的产量在7.91至8.64 mg l ^-1之间，薯di皂素的含量随培养基体积的增加而增加。实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）分析表明，生物激发子诱导薯di皂苷元生物合成途径，3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGR）和环戊烯醇合酶（CAS）中调控基因的表达水平），与这些培养物中薯di皂素的含量呈正相关。该研究具有重要意义，因为伊索菌（H. isora）代表薯di皂甙元的清洁和简便来源，与其他传统来源不同，薯it皂甙未与其他甾体皂苷混合，并且此处获得的薯os皂甙元的放大水平有可能在商业上进行探索。