In this study, we analyzed the behavior of several neglected, ancestral, and domesticated wheat genotypes, including Ae. triuncialis, Ae. neglecta, Ae. caudata, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. tauschii, Ae. speltoides, T. boeoticum, T. urartu, T. durum, and T. aestivum under control and salinity stress to assess the mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance. Physiological and biochemical traits including root/shoot biomasses, root/shoot ion concentrations, activity of antioxidant enzymes APX, SOD, and GXP, and the relative expression of TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, APX, GXP, and MnSOD genes were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effects of the salinity treatments and genotypes for all evaluated traits. Salinity stress (350 mM NaCl) significantly decreased root/shoot biomasses, K⁺ concentration in root/shoot, and root/shoot K⁺/Na⁺ ratios. In contrast, salinity stress significantly increased Na⁺ concentration in root and shoot, activity of antioxidant enzymes (APX, SOD, and GPX) and relative expression of salt tolerance-related genes (TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, APX, GPX, and MnSOD). Based on heat map and principal component analysis, the relationships among physiological traits and relative expression of salt-responsive genes were investigated. Remarkably, we observed a significant association between the relative expression of TaHKT1;5 with root K⁺ concentration and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and with TaSOS1. Taken together, our study revealed that two neglected (Ae. triuncialis) and ancestral (Ae. tauschii) wheat genotypes responded better to salinity stress than other genotypes. Further molecular tasks are therefore essential to specify the pathways linked with salinity tolerance in these genotypes.

中文翻译：

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揭示原始和被忽视小麦品种在早期生长期的盐分胁迫响应：在未来小麦改良计划中利用的基线。

在这项研究中，我们分析了包括Ae在内的几种被忽略，祖传和驯化的小麦基因型的行为。triuncialis，阂。neglecta，阂。有尾目，阂。umbellulata，阂。麦，阂。speltoides，T.野生一粒，T.乌拉尔图，硬粒小麦，和普通小麦受到控制，盐度胁迫评估参与耐盐性的机制。生理生化特征，包括根/茎生物量，根/茎离子浓度，抗氧化酶APX，SOD和GXP的活性以及TaHKT1的相对表达； 5，TaSOS1，APX，GXP和MnSOD基因进行了测量。方差分析（ANOVA）显示，盐度处理和基因型对所有评估的性状均具有显著作用。盐分胁迫（350 mM NaCl）显着降低了根/茎生物量，根/茎中K ^+的浓度以及根/茎中K ⁺ / Na ^+的比例。相反，盐分胁迫显着增加了根和茎中的Na ⁺浓度，抗氧化酶的活性（APX，SOD和GPX）以及耐盐性相关基因的相对表达（TaHKT1; 5，TaSOS1，APX，GPX和MnSOD）。）。基于热图和主成分分析，研究了盐胁迫基因的生理特性与相对表达之间的关系。值得注意的是，我们观察到TaHKT1; 5的相对表达与根K ⁺浓度和K ⁺ / Na ⁺比以及与TaSOS1之间存在显着关联。两者合计，我们的研究表明，两个被忽略的小麦（Ae。triuncialis）和祖先的小麦（Ae。tauschii）基因型对盐分胁迫的反应比其他基因型更好。因此，进一步的分子任务对于确定这些基因型中与盐度耐受性相关的途径至关重要。