There has been plenty of empirical evidence which shows that the single-particle picture holds to a good approximation in atomic nuclei. In this picture, protons and neutrons move independently inside a mean-field potential generated by an interaction among the nucleons. This leads to the concept of nuclear shells, similar to the electronic shells in atoms. In particular, the magic numbers due to closures of the nucleonic shells, corresponding to noble gases in elements, have been known to play an important role in nuclear physics. Here we propose a periodic table for atomic nuclei, in which the elements are arranged according to the known nucleonic shells. The nuclear periodic table clearly indicates that nuclei in the vicinity of the magic numbers can be understood in terms of a shell closure with one or two additional nucleons or nucleon holes, while nuclei far from the magic numbers are characterized by nuclear deformation.

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核周期表

有大量经验证据表明，单粒子图像在原子核中具有良好的近似性。在这张图片中，质子和中子在由核子之间相互作用产生的平均场势内独立运动。这导致了核壳的概念，类似于原子中的电子壳。特别是，由于核子壳的闭合而产生的幻数，对应于元素中的惰性气体，已知在核物理学中起着重要作用。在这里，我们提出了原子核的周期表，其中元素根据已知的核子壳排列。核周期表清楚地表明，魔数附近的核可以理解为带有一两个附加核子或核子孔的壳闭合，