Aksay Kazakhs are the easternmost branch of Kazakhs, residing in Jiuquan city, the forefront of the ancient Silk Road. However, the genetic diversity of Aksay Kazakhs and its relationships with other Kazakhs still lack attention. To clarify this issue, we analyzed the non-recombining portion of the Y-chromosome from 93 Aksay Kazakhs samples, using a high-resolution analysis of 106 biallelic markers and 17 STRs. The lowest haplogroup diversity (0.38) was observed in Aksay Kazakhs among all studied Kazakh populations. The social and cultural traditions of the Kazakhs shaped their current pattern of genetic variation. Aksay Kazakhs tended to migrate with clans and had limited paternal admixture with neighboring populations. Aksay Kazakhs had the highest frequency (80%) of haplogroup C2b1a3a1-F3796 (previous C3*-Star Cluster) among the investigated Eurasian steppe populations, which was now seen as the genetic marker of Kerei clan. Furthermore, NETWORK analysis indicated that Aksay Kazakhs originated from sub-clan Kerei-Abakh in Kazakhstan with DYS448 = 23. TMRCA estimates of three recent descent clusters detected in C2*-M217 (xM48) network, one of which incorporate nearly all of the C2b1a3a1-F3796 Aksay Kazakhs samples, gave the age range of 976-1405 YA for DC1, 1059-1314 YA for DC2, and 1139-1317 YA for DC3, respectively; this is coherent with the 7th to the 11th centuries Altaic-speaking pastoral nomadic population expansion.

中文翻译：

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Y染色体证据证实了Aksay Kazakhs的Kerei-Abakh起源。

阿克萨哈萨克人是哈萨克斯坦最东端的分支，位于古老的丝绸之路的最前面酒泉市。但是，阿克塞哈萨克族的遗传多样性及其与其他哈萨克族的关系仍然缺乏关注。为了澄清这个问题，我们使用106个双等位标记和17个STR的高分辨率分析，分析了93个Aksay Kazakhs样品中Y染色体的非重组部分。在所有研究的哈萨克族人口中，阿克塞哈萨克族人的单倍群多样性最低（0.38）。哈萨克人的社会和文化传统塑造了他们目前的遗传变异模式。阿克塞·哈萨克族人倾向于随氏族迁徙，其父系与邻近人群的交往有限。在所调查的欧亚草原种群中，阿克萨哈萨克人的单倍群C2b1a3a1-F3796（先前的C3 *-星团）的频率最高（80％），现在被视为克雷族的遗传标记。此外，NETWORK分析表明，Aksay Kazakhs起源于哈萨克斯坦的亚家族Kerei-Abakh，DYS448 = 23。 -F3796 Aksay Kazakhs样本，得出DC1的年龄范围为976-1405 YA，DC2的年龄范围为1059-1314 YA，DC3的年龄范围为1139-1317 YA。这与7至11世纪讲阿尔泰语的游牧游牧人口的增长保持一致。网络分析表明，Aksay Kazakhs来自哈萨克斯坦的亚家族Kerei-Abakh，DYS448 =23。TMRCA估计在C2 * -M217（xM48）网络中检测到的三个最近的下降簇，其中之一几乎包含了所有C2b1a3a1-F3796 Aksay Kazakhs样本分别给出了DC1的年龄范围为976-1405 YA，DC2的年龄范围为1059-1314 YA，DC3的年龄范围为1139-1317 YA。这与7至11世纪讲阿尔泰语的游牧游牧人口的增长保持一致。网络分析表明，Aksay Kazakhs来自哈萨克斯坦的亚家族Kerei-Abakh，DYS448 =23。TMRCA估计在C2 * -M217（xM48）网络中检测到的三个最近的下降簇，其中之一几乎包含了所有C2b1a3a1-F3796 Aksay Kazakhs的样本分别给出了DC1的年龄范围为976-1405 YA，DC2的年龄范围为1059-1314 YA，DC3的年龄范围为1139-1317 YA。这与7至11世纪讲阿尔泰语的游牧游牧人口的增长保持一致。