BACKGROUND AND AIMS Like other clades, the Coffea genus is highly diversified on the island of Madagascar. The 66 endemic species have colonized various environments and consequently exhibit a wide diversity of morphological, functional, phenological features and reproductive strategies. The trends of interspecific trait variation, which stems from interactions between genetically defined species and their environment, still needed to be addressed for Malagasy coffee trees. METHODS Data acquisition was done in the most comprehensive ex situ collection of Madagascan wild Coffea. The structure of endemic wild coffees maintained in ex situ collection was explored in terms of morphological, phenological, and functional traits. The environmental (natural habitat) effect was assessed on traits in species from distinct natural habitats. Phylogenetic signal (Pagel's λ, Blomberg's K) was used to quantify trait proximities among species according to their phylogenetic relatedness. KEY RESULTS Despite the lack of environmental difference in the ex situ collection, widely diverging phenotypes were observed. Phylogenetic signal was found to vary greatly across and even within trait categories. The highest values were exhibited by the ratio of internode mass to leaf mass, the length of the maturation phase and the LDMC. By contrast, traits weakly linked to phylogeny were either constrained by original natural environment (leaf size) or under selective pressures (phenological traits). CONCLUSIONS This study gives insight into complex patterns of trait variability found in an ex situ collection, and underlines the opportunities offered by living ex situ collections for research characterizing phenotypic variation.

中文翻译：

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马达加斯加野生特有咖啡主要异地收集中的表型多样性评估

背景和目的 与其他进化枝一样，咖啡属在马达加斯加岛上高度多样化。这 66 种特有物种已在各种环境中定居，因此表现出形态、功能、物候特征和繁殖策略的广泛多样性。马达加斯加咖啡树仍需要解决种间性状变异的趋势，该趋势源于遗传定义的物种与其环境之间的相互作用。方法数据采集是在马达加斯加野生咖啡最全面的异地收集中完成的。从形态、物候和功能性状方面探索了在异地收集中保存的地方性野生咖啡的结构。环境（自然栖息地）影响是根据来自不同自然栖息地的物种的特征进行评估的。系统发育信号（Pagel's λ，Blomberg's K）用于根据物种的系统发育相关性来量化物种之间的性状接近度。主要结果 尽管在异地收集中缺乏环境差异，但观察到了广泛不同的表型。发现系统发育信号在性状类别之间甚至在性状类别内差异很大。最高值表现在节间质量与叶质量的比率、成熟阶段的长度和 LDMC。相比之下，与系统发育关系较弱的性状要么受到原始自然环境（叶片大小）的限制，要么受到选择压力（物候性状）的限制。结论 本研究深入了解异地收集中发现的性状变异的复杂模式，