Dendrolimus spp. are important destructive pests of conifer forests, and Dendrolimus punctatus Walker (Lepidoptera; Lasiocampidae) is the most widely distributed Dendrolimus species. During periodic outbreaks, this species is said to make “fire without smoke” because large areas of pine forest can be quickly and heavily damaged. Yet, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the unique ecological characteristics of this forest insect. Here, we combined Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RSII single‐molecule long reads and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) genomics‐linked reads to produce a high‐quality, chromosome‐level reference genome for D. punctatus . The final assembly was 614 Mb with contig and scaffold N50 values of 1.39 and 22.15 Mb, respectively, and 96.96% of the contigs anchored onto 30 chromosomes. Based on the prediction, this genome contained 17,593 protein‐coding genes and 56.16% repetitive sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that D. punctatus diverged from the common ancestor of Hyphantria cunea , Spodoptera litura and Thaumetopoea pityocampa  ~ 108.91 million years ago. Many gene families that were expanded in the D. punctatus genome were significantly enriched for the xenobiotic biodegradation system, especially the cytochrome P450 gene family. This high‐quality, chromosome‐level reference genome will be a valuable resource for understanding mechanisms of D. punctatus outbreak and host resistance adaption. Because this is the first Lasiocampidae insect genome to be sequenced, it also will serve as a reference for further comparative genomics.

中文翻译：

---

重要的松树落叶树，马尾松毛虫（鳞翅目；唇形科）的染色体水平的基因组组装。

树突藻 是针叶林的重要破坏性的害虫，而马尾松毛虫沃克（鳞翅目，枯叶）是分布最广的马尾松种。在定期爆发时，据说该物种会“无烟生火”，因为大面积的松树林可能会迅速受到严重破坏。然而，对于这种森林昆虫独特生态特征的分子机制知之甚少。在这里，我们结合了太平洋生物科学（PacBio）RSII单分子长读段和高通量染色体构象捕获（Hi-C）基因组链接的读段，以生成马尾D的高质量，染色体级参考基因组。。最终装配体为614 Mb，重叠群和支架的N50值分别为1.39和22.15 Mb，以及96.96％的重叠群锚定在30条染色体上。根据预测，该基因组包含17,593个蛋白质编码基因和56.16％的重复序列。系统发育分析表明，马尾松毛虫从共同的祖先分化美国白蛾，斜纹夜蛾和Thaumetopoea pityocampa  〜10891万年以前。在马尾藻中扩展的许多基因家族外源生物降解系统，特别是细胞色素P450基因家族的基因组显着丰富。这种高质量的，染色体水平的参考基因组将成为了解马尾念珠菌爆发和宿主抗性适应机制的宝贵资源。因为这是第一个被测序的拟蝇科昆虫基因组，所以它也将作为进一步比较基因组学的参考。