Low nutrient availability and biological activity are the main challenges in calcareous soils with low organic matter (OM) content. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the responses of soil nutrient status and biological traits to addition of corn residue biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperature in a calcareous soil. Biochars were made at 200 (BC200), 350 (BC350), and 500 °C (BC500), added to a calcareous soil at 1 and 2% ( w / w ) and were incubated for 90 days. The application of biochars increased soil organic carbon (SOC), electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total N [1.21- to 1.41-fold], available P [1.71- to 2.65-fold], K [1.53- to 2.60-fold], Mn [1.14- to 1.21-fold], microbial respiration [1.21- to 2.23-fold], substrate-induced respiration [1.22- to 2.63-fold], microbial biomass carbon [1.20- to 2.24-fold], the activity of catalase [1.80- to 2.93-fold], and dehydrogenase [1.47- to 2.30-fold], which varied with the pyrolysis temperature and application rate. Generally, all the measured biological attributes were higher in BC200 than the other treatments. The BC200 biochar increased soil inorganic nitrogen [1.14- to 1.21-fold] and available Fe [1.12- to 1.17-fold], Zn [1.32- to 1.42-fold], and Cu [1.06- to 1.10-fold]. In contrast, the BC500 at 2% rate decreased available Fe, Zn, and Cu. The findings revealed that the application of corn biochar obtained at 200 °C to calcareous soil was more efficient for improving the nutrient availability and microbial activity.

中文翻译：

---

生物炭的应用改变了钙质土壤中养分和生物活性的状况

低养分有效性和生物活性是有机质 (OM) 含量低的钙质土壤面临的主要挑战。本研究的目的是评估土壤养分状况和生物学特性对添加不同热解温度下石灰质土壤中产生的玉米渣生物炭的响应。生物炭在 200 (BC200)、350 (BC350) 和 500 °C (BC500) 下制成，以 1% 和 2% (w/w) 添加到石灰质土壤中，并孵育 90 天。生物炭的应用增加了土壤有机碳 (SOC)、电导率 (EC)、阳离子交换容量 (CEC)、总氮 [1.21 至 1.41 倍]、有效磷 [1.71 至 2.65 倍]、钾 [1.53 - 至 2.60 倍]、Mn [1.14 至 1.21 倍]、微生物呼吸作用 [1.21 至 2.23 倍]、底物诱导呼吸作用 [1.22 至 2.63 倍]、微生物生物量碳 [1. 20 至 2.24 倍]、过氧化氢酶的活性 [1.80 至 2.93 倍] 和脱氢酶的活性 [1.47 至 2.30 倍]，这些活性随热解温度和施用率而变化。一般来说，BC200 中所有测量的生物属性都高于其他处理。BC200 生物炭增加了土壤无机氮 [1.14 至 1.21 倍] 和有效铁 [1.12 至 1.17 倍]、锌 [1.32 至 1.42 倍] 和铜 [1.06 至 1.10 倍]。相比之下，2% 的 BC500 减少了可用的 Fe、Zn 和 Cu。研究结果表明，将在 200 °C 下获得的玉米生物炭应用于钙质土壤对提高养分有效性和微生物活性更有效。一般来说，BC200 中所有测量的生物属性都高于其他处理。BC200 生物炭增加了土壤无机氮 [1.14 至 1.21 倍] 和有效铁 [1.12 至 1.17 倍]、锌 [1.32 至 1.42 倍] 和铜 [1.06 至 1.10 倍]。相比之下，2% 的 BC500 减少了可用的 Fe、Zn 和 Cu。研究结果表明，将在 200 °C 下获得的玉米生物炭应用于钙质土壤对提高养分有效性和微生物活性更有效。一般来说，BC200 中所有测量的生物属性都高于其他处理。BC200 生物炭增加了土壤无机氮 [1.14 至 1.21 倍] 和有效铁 [1.12 至 1.17 倍]、锌 [1.32 至 1.42 倍] 和铜 [1.06 至 1.10 倍]。相比之下，2% 的 BC500 减少了可用的 Fe、Zn 和 Cu。研究结果表明，将在 200 °C 下获得的玉米生物炭应用于钙质土壤对提高养分有效性和微生物活性更有效。