BACKGROUND Understanding the interaction between organisms and the environment is important for predicting and mitigating the effects of global phenomena such as climate change, and the fate, transport, and health effects of anthropogenic pollutants. By understanding organism and ecosystem responses to environmental stressors at the molecular level, mechanisms of toxicity and adaptation can be determined. This information has important implications in human and environmental health, engineering biotechnologies, and understanding the interaction between anthropogenic induced changes and the biosphere. One class of molecules with unique promise for environmental science are lipids; lipids are highly abundant and ubiquitous across nearly all organisms, and lipid profiles often change drastically in response to external stimuli. These changes allow organisms to maintain essential biological functions, for example, membrane fluidity, as they adapt to a changing climate and chemical environment. Lipidomics can help scientists understand the historical and present biofeedback processes in climate change and the biogeochemical processes affecting nutrient cycles. Lipids can also be used to understand how ecosystems respond to historical environmental changes with lipid signatures dating back to hundreds of millions of years, which can help predict similar changes in the future. In addition, lipids are direct targets of environmental stressors, for example, lipids are easily prone to oxidative damage, which occurs during exposure to most toxins. AIM OF REVIEW This is the first review to summarize the current efforts to comprehensively measure lipids to better understand the interaction between organisms and their environment. This review focuses on lipidomic applications in the arenas of environmental toxicology and exposure assessment, xenobiotic exposures and health (e.g., obesity), global climate change, and nutrient cycles. Moreover, this review summarizes the use of and the potential for lipidomics in engineering biotechnologies for the remediation of persistent compounds and biofuel production. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT With the preservation of certain lipids across millions of years and our ever-increasing understanding of their diverse biological roles, lipidomic-based approaches provide a unique utility to increase our understanding of the contemporary and historical interactions between organisms, ecosystems, and anthropogenically-induced environmental changes.

中文翻译：

---

环境脂质组学：了解生物和生态系统对变化的世界的反应。

背景技术了解生物与环境之间的相互作用对于预测和减轻诸如气候变化以及人为污染物的命运，运输和健康影响等全球现象的影响非常重要。通过在分子水平上理解生物和生态系统对环境压力的反应，可以确定毒性和适应机制。这些信息对人类和环境健康，工程生物技术以及理解人为诱发的变化与生物圈之间的相互作用具有重要意义。一类对环境科学具有独特前景的分子是脂质。脂质在几乎所有生物中高度丰富且无处不在，并且脂质概况通常会随着外部刺激而发生巨大变化。这些变化使生物能够适应不断变化的气候和化学环境，从而维持基本的生物学功能，例如膜流动性。脂质组学可以帮助科学家了解气候变化的历史和当前生物反馈过程以及影响营养循环的生物地球化学过程。脂质还可以用来了解生态系统如何响应历史环境变化，其脂质特征可以追溯到数亿年前，可以帮助预测未来的类似变化。另外，脂质是环境应激源的直接靶标，例如，脂质很容易发生氧化损伤，这种氧化损伤是在暴露于大多数毒素的过程中发生的。综述的目的这是首次综述总结当前为全面测量脂质以更好地了解生物体与其环境之间的相互作用而付出的努力。这篇综述着重于脂质组学在环境毒理学和接触评估，异生物接触和健康（例如肥胖症），全球气候变化以及营养循环等领域的应用。此外，本综述总结了脂质组学在工程生物技术中用于修复持久性化合物和生物燃料生产的用途和潜力。关键的科学概念随着数百万年脂质的保存，以及我们对它们的多种生物学作用的不断增长的理解，