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Evaluation of image processing technique as an expert system in mulberry fruit grading based on ripeness level using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machine (SVM)
Postharvest Biology and Technology ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111201
Hossein Azarmdel , Ahmad Jahanbakhshi , Seyed Saeid Mohtasebi , Alfredo Rosado Muñoz

Abstract Image processing and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been applied to analyze, evaluate and classify mulberry fruit according to their ripeness (unripe, ripe, and overripe). A total of 577 mulberries were graded by an expert and the images were captured by an imaging system. Then, the geometrical properties, color, and texture characteristics of each segmented mulberry was extracted using two feature reduction methods: Correlation-based Feature Selection subset (CFS) and Consistency subset (CONS). Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were applied to classify mulberry fruit. ANN classification with the CFS subset feature extraction method resulted in the accuracy of 100 %, 100 %, and 99.1 % and the least mean square error (MSE) values of 9.2 × 10-10, 3.0 × 10-6, and 2.9 × 10-3 for training, validation, and test sets, respectively. The ANN structure with the CONS subset feature extraction method resulted in the acceptable model with the accuracy of 100 %, 98.9 %, and 98.3 % and calculated MSE values of 4.9 × 10-9, 3.0 × 10-3, and 3.1 × 10-3 for training, validation, and test sets, respectively. In general, the machine vision system combined with the ANN and SVM algorithms successfully classified mulberries based on maturity. Finally, the ANN model with four features (R, B, b*, and Cr) selected through the CONS subset method with the least number of inputs and acceptable high classification accuracy with low MSE value was proposed as the proper model for online applications.

中文翻译:

使用人工神经网络 (ANN) 和支持向量机 (SVM) 基于成熟度对图像处理技术作为专家系统进行评估

摘要 图像处理和人工智能 (AI) 技术已应用于根据成熟度(未成熟、成熟和过熟)对桑树果实进行分析、评估和分类。共有 577 个桑树由专家分级,图像由成像系统捕获。然后,使用两种特征减少方法提取每个分割桑树的几何特性、颜色和纹理特征:基于相关性的特征选择子集(CFS)和一致性子集(CONS)。应用人工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机(SVM)对桑果进行分类。使用 CFS 子集特征提取方法的 ANN 分类的准确度为 100%、100% 和 99.1%,最小均方误差 (MSE) 值为 9.2 × 10-10、3.0 × 10-6 和 2.9 × 10 -3 用于训练,分别是验证集和测试集。使用 CONS 子集特征提取方法的 ANN 结构产生了可接受的模型,准确度为 100%、98.9% 和 98.3%,计算的 MSE 值为 4.9 × 10-9、3.0 × 10-3 和 3.1 × 10- 3 分别用于训练、验证和测试集。总的来说,机器视觉系统结合ANN和SVM算法成功地根据成熟度对桑树进行了分类。最后,通过 CONS 子集方法选择具有四个特征(R、B、b* 和 Cr)的 ANN 模型,该模型具有最少的输入数量和可接受的高分类精度和低 MSE 值,作为在线应用的合适模型。9 % 和 98.3 % 并且计算出的 MSE 值分别为 4.9 × 10-9、3.0 × 10-3 和 3.1 × 10-3,分别用于训练、验证和测试集。总的来说,机器视觉系统结合ANN和SVM算法成功地根据成熟度对桑树进行了分类。最后,通过 CONS 子集方法选择具有四个特征(R、B、b* 和 Cr)的 ANN 模型,该模型具有最少的输入数量和可接受的高分类精度和低 MSE 值,作为在线应用的合适模型。9 % 和 98.3 % 并且计算出的 MSE 值分别为 4.9 × 10-9、3.0 × 10-3 和 3.1 × 10-3,分别用于训练、验证和测试集。总的来说,机器视觉系统结合ANN和SVM算法成功地根据成熟度对桑树进行了分类。最后,通过 CONS 子集方法选择具有四个特征(R、B、b* 和 Cr)的 ANN 模型,该模型具有最少的输入数量和可接受的高分类精度和低 MSE 值,作为在线应用的合适模型。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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