As U.S. states steadily legalize its distribution and the prevalence of its use in people of reproductive age continues to rise, the need to understand the effects of marijuana on human physiology is becoming increasingly urgent. While marijuana is well-known for its psychoactive effects and applications in controlling pain and nausea, little is known about its effects on reproduction. This review includes in vitro studies which consistently demonstrate associations between marijuana consumption and low sperm count, dysregulated menstruation, and abnormal placentation. While many in vivo studies associate maternal marijuana use with stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and offspring psychosis, significant literature negates these relationships by controlling for poly-substance use and socioeconomic status. Data limited by self-reporting and confounds precludes the drawing of definitive conclusions regarding the effects of marijuana on reproduction. This review serves as a call to action to elucidate these effects and discourage marijuana use in people of reproductive age.

中文翻译：

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大麻对人类生殖的影响。

随着美国各州逐步合法化大麻的分布，以及在育龄人群中使用大麻的流行程度不断上升，了解大麻对人体生理影响的需求变得越来越紧迫。虽然大麻以其精神活性和在控制疼痛和恶心方面的应用而闻名，但对其对生殖的影响却知之甚少。这篇综述包括体外研究，这些研究始终证明大麻消费与精子数量低、月经失调和胎盘异常之间存在关联。虽然许多体内研究将母体大麻的使用与死产、新生儿重症监护病房 (NICU) 入院和后代精神病联系起来，但重要的文献通过控制多种物质的使用和社会经济地位来否定这些关系。受自我报告和混淆的数据限制，无法得出关于大麻对生殖影响的明确结论。该审查呼吁采取行动，阐明这些影响并阻止育龄人群使用大麻。