Abstract Common bean is a legume of significant socioeconomic importance and is cultivated worldwide. This crop is affected by several pests and diseases, which cause considerable economic losses and reduce yield. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the role of proteins and peptides with activity against a wide range of insects and pathogens. The objective of this work was to identify defense proteins, such as antimicrobial peptides, protease and amylases inhibitors in common bean genotypes and evaluate the relationship of these proteins with Phaseolus vulgaris seed resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus infestation. Nineteen common bean genotypes were subjected to protein extraction, pH 5.4, and precipitation with ammonium sulfate at 70% saturation. The obtained extracts were separated by tricine gel electrophoresis. Experiments were carried out with natural seeds of common beans and artificial seeds (Vigna unguiculata seeds covered with seed coats of common beans) to evaluate the rate of oviposition and development of the insect species Callosobruchus maculatus. Lipid-transfer proteins were identified in nine genotypes whereas defensins were present in all genotypes. The inhibitory activity of α-amylases and trypsin and fungal development were determined in crude extracts (50 μg mL−1). The results also indicated that the extracts from all bean genotypes inhibited the activity of human salivary α-amylase and C. maculatus larval α-amylase. Except for the extracts of four genotypes, all other extracts inhibited trypsin activity. None of the extracts from the evaluated bean genotypes inhibited the growth of tested fungi. Natural seeds from all genotypes did not inhibit insect oviposition, however, the larvae did not survive after feeding on these seeds. Artificial seeds containing seed coat flour of all genotypes inhibited the oviposition of C. maculatus, indicating that the seed coat was also repellent to insect.

中文翻译：

---

来自普通豆类基因型种子的防御蛋白的鉴定、生化特征和生物学作用响应 Callosobruchus maculatus 侵染

摘要 普通豆是一种具有重要社会经济意义的豆科植物，在世界范围内广泛种植。这种作物受到多种病虫害的影响，造成相当大的经济损失和减产。近年来，一些研究已经证明了蛋白质和肽对多种昆虫和病原体具有活性的作用。这项工作的目的是确定防御蛋白，例如常见豆类基因型中的抗菌肽、蛋白酶和淀粉酶抑制剂，并评估这些蛋白质与菜豆种子对 Callosobruchus maculatus 侵染的抗性的关系。对 19 个常见豆类基因型进行蛋白质提取，pH 5.4，并用 70% 饱和度的硫酸铵沉淀。通过tricine凝胶电泳分离获得的提取物。用普通豆类的天然种子和人工种子（覆盖有普通豆类种皮的豇豆种子）进行了实验，以评估昆虫物种 Callosobruchus maculatus 的产卵率和发育率。在九个基因型中鉴定出脂质转移蛋白，而防御素存在于所有基因型中。在粗提取物 (50 μg mL-1) 中测定了 α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的抑制活性以及真菌发育。结果还表明，来自所有豆类基因型的提取物均抑制人唾液α-淀粉酶和C. maculatus 幼虫α-淀粉酶的活性。除四种基因型的提取物外，所有其他提取物均抑制胰蛋白酶活性。来自评估的豆类基因型的提取物均未抑制测试真菌的生长。所有基因型的天然种子都不会抑制昆虫的产卵，然而，幼虫在以这些种子为食后无法存活。含有所有基因型种皮粉的人工种子抑制了C. maculatus 的产卵，表明种皮也能驱虫。