For ultra-high-intensity lasers irradiating nanometer-sized targets, Coulomb explosion (CE) is one of the main ion acceleration schemes. Previous studies have shown that the CE of solid nanospheres can produce quasi-monoenergetic ions. However, the development of optimized hollow nanospheres has yet to be achieved. Currently, the technology for the production of various types of hollow nanospheres has already been established. Still, the applications of hollow nanospheres are more inclined toward energy storage. This study shows that CE-based ion acceleration is another plausible application for these hollow nanospheres. Different nanosphere designs were analyzed using simple analytical models, which showed the possibility of using them to produce quasi-monoenergetic ions. This was then confirmed using one-dimensional particle–particle simulations in spherical coordinates. Overall, the results showed that hollow nanospheres are viable targets that can be used for the production of quasi-monoenergetic ions via spherical CE. Furthermore, the new proposed target design substantially improved the energy coupling efficiency.

中文翻译：

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使用优化的空心纳米球生成准单能离子

对于照射纳米级目标的超高强度激光，库仑爆炸 (CE) 是主要的离子加速方案之一。先前的研究表明，固体纳米球的 CE 可以产生准单能离子。然而，优化的中空纳米球的开发尚未实现。目前，各种中空纳米球的生产技术已经建立。尽管如此，空心纳米球的应用更倾向于储能。这项研究表明，基于 CE 的离子加速是这些中空纳米球的另一个合理应用。使用简单的分析模型分析了不同的纳米球设计，这表明使用它们产生准单能离子的可能性。然后使用球坐标系中的一维粒子-粒子模拟证实了这一点。总体而言，结果表明中空纳米球是可行的目标，可用于通过球形 CE 产生准单能离子。此外，新提出的目标设计大大提高了能量耦合效率。