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Morphological changes and habitat shifts with growth of endangered floodplain fish: Possible adaptations to fluctuating environments
Ecology of Freshwater Fish ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-07 , DOI: 10.1111/eff.12506
Masaki Nishio 1, 2 , Kaneaki Edo 3 , Ryosuke Kawakami 1 , Tomonori Kawamoto 4 , Yuji Yamazaki 2
Affiliation  

Adaptations that maximise food intake are dependent on food and/or habitat types. However, there have been few studies on the ability of floodplain primary freshwater fish to rapidly change their morphology, especially the internal one, to maximise utilisation efficiency of food resources in response to environmental fluctuations during their life history. We investigated morphological changes of an Acheilognathinae species (Acheilognathus longipinnis) that inhabits creeks in Japan to determine whether body shape variation correlated with environmental characteristics, including water depth, current velocity, vegetation cover and food availability. When shifting from floodwater‐level to low‐water‐level season, the current velocity of the study area increased as the water level decreased, causing a significant increase in periphyton and a significant decline in zooplankton and phytoplankton. Concurrently, during the short period when A. longipinnis grow from the juvenile to the premature stage, changes in internal morphology, that is intestinal elongation, and changes in external morphology such as an increase of body depth were observed. In contrast, intestinal length significantly decreased in the adult stage. Our findings suggest that morphological changes between floodwater‐level and low‐water‐level seasons associated with juvenile to premature development are an adaptation to changes in food availability due to environmental fluctuations. Additionally, the shortening of the intestine from the premature to the adult stage may be an adaptive strategy for reproduction.

中文翻译:

随着濒临灭绝的泛滥平原鱼类的生长,形态变化和栖息地发生变化:对环境波动的可能适应

最大化食物摄入量的适应取决于食物和/或栖息地类型。然而,关于泛滥平原初级淡水鱼如何快速改变其形态,尤其是内部形态,以响应其生活史中的环境波动,最大限度地利用食物资源的能力的研究很少。我们调查了栖息在日本小溪中的 Acheilognathinae 物种 (Acheilognathus longipinnis) 的形态变化,以确定体形变化是否与环境特征相关,包括水深、流速、植被覆盖和食物供应。当从洪水位转换到低水位季节时,研究区的流速随着水位的降低而增加,导致周围生物显着增加,浮游动物和浮游植物显着减少。同时,在A. longipinnis从幼年到早产期的短期内,观察到内部形态的变化,即肠道伸长,以及外部形态的变化,如体深的增加。相比之下,成年期肠道长度显着缩短。我们的研究结果表明,与幼鱼到过早发育相关的洪水水位和低水位季节之间的形态变化是对环境波动引起的食物供应变化的适应。此外,从早产阶段到成年阶段的肠道缩短可能是繁殖的适应性策略。在A. longipinnis从幼年到早产期的短时间内,观察到内部形态的变化,即肠道伸长,以及外部形态的变化,如体深增加。相比之下,成年期肠道长度显着缩短。我们的研究结果表明,与幼鱼到过早发育相关的洪水水位和低水位季节之间的形态变化是对环境波动引起的食物供应变化的适应。此外,从早产阶段到成年阶段的肠道缩短可能是繁殖的适应性策略。在A. longipinnis从幼年到早产期的短时间内,观察到内部形态的变化,即肠道伸长,以及外部形态的变化,如体深增加。相比之下,成年期肠道长度显着缩短。我们的研究结果表明,与幼鱼到过早发育相关的洪水水位和低水位季节之间的形态变化是对环境波动引起的食物供应变化的适应。此外,从早产阶段到成年阶段的肠道缩短可能是繁殖的适应性策略。并观察到外部形态的变化,例如身体深度的增加。相比之下,成年期肠道长度显着缩短。我们的研究结果表明,与幼鱼到过早发育相关的洪水水位和低水位季节之间的形态变化是对环境波动引起的食物供应变化的适应。此外,从早产阶段到成年阶段的肠道缩短可能是繁殖的适应性策略。并观察到外部形态的变化,例如身体深度的增加。相比之下,成年期肠道长度显着缩短。我们的研究结果表明,与幼鱼到过早发育相关的洪水水位和低水位季节之间的形态变化是对环境波动引起的食物供应变化的适应。此外,从早产阶段到成年阶段的肠道缩短可能是繁殖的适应性策略。我们的研究结果表明,与幼鱼到过早发育相关的洪水水位和低水位季节之间的形态变化是对环境波动引起的食物供应变化的适应。此外,从早产阶段到成年阶段的肠道缩短可能是繁殖的适应性策略。我们的研究结果表明,与幼鱼到过早发育相关的洪水水位和低水位季节之间的形态变化是对环境波动引起的食物供应变化的适应。此外,从早产阶段到成年阶段的肠道缩短可能是繁殖的适应性策略。
更新日期:2019-10-07
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