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Effects of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on flying insect visitor behaviour and fruit production in açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Martius)
Austral Entomology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 , DOI: 10.1111/aen.12458
Sávio O Belém 1 , Brendo P Guia 1 , Alistair J Campbell 2 , Marcia Motta Maués 2 , Jessica H Viana 3
Affiliation  

Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea) production in the Amazon region has grown rapidly in recent decades to meet both domestic and international demand for the fruit. Understanding functional roles of different insects in açaí fruit production is essential for the development of sustainable management practices and the conservation of associated biodiversity in plantations. Ants play a variety of key roles in agroecosystems, particularly as predators, but may also influence crop pollination, either directly (as legitimate pollinators) or indirectly by altering behaviour/density of other flower visitors. Here, we compare flower visitor communities, behavioural interactions between ants and flying insects and fruit production in açaí inflorescences, under the experimental exclusion of ants. Flying insects differed in their response to experimental exclusion of ants, with bees and flies found in higher abundance on inflorescences where ants had been excluded. In contrast, beetles and wasps were unaffected by ant exclosure. Among bees, only medium‐sized species, but not small‐sized and large‐sized species, were affected by the presence of ants. However, fruit production on inflorescences did not differ among ant exclosure treatments. We found clear evidence that ants interfere with flying insects visiting açaí inflorescences, but these changes do not affect açaí fruit production, likely due to the large diversity of flying insects that contribute to pollination services. Therefore, given their potential role as pest natural enemies, control of ant colonies in plantations is not recommended.

中文翻译:

蚂蚁(膜翅目:昆虫纲)对飞行昆虫访客行为和巴西棕榈(Euterpe oleracea Martius)的果实产量的影响

阿萨棕榈(Euterpe oleracea)近几十年来,亚马逊地区的产量增长迅速,可以满足国内外对这种水果的需求。了解不同昆虫在印度果树果实生产中的功能作用对于发展可持续管理方法和保护人工林中相关生物多样性至关重要。蚂蚁在农业生态系统中扮演着各种关键角色,尤其是作为掠食者,但也可能直接(作为合法的传粉媒介)或通过改变其他花朵访客的行为/密度而间接影响作物的授粉。在这里,我们在实验性排除蚂蚁的情况下,比较了花访者群落,蚂蚁与飞行昆虫之间的行为相互作用以及阿萨伊花序中的果实生产。飞行昆虫对实验性排除蚂蚁的反应有所不同,在排除蚂蚁的花序中发现蜜蜂和果蝇的丰度更高。相反,甲虫和黄蜂不受蚂蚁侵害的影响。在蜜蜂中,只有中型物种,而小型和大型物种均不受蚂蚁的影响。但是,在蚂蚁暴露处理中,花序上的果实产量没有差异。我们发现有明确的证据表明,蚂蚁会干扰飞行昆虫到访印度的花序,但这些变化不会影响印度的水果产量,这可能是由于飞行昆虫的多样性为授粉服务做出了贡献。因此,鉴于其作为害虫天敌的潜在作用,不建议控制人工林中的蚁群。甲虫和黄蜂不受蚂蚁的侵害。在蜜蜂中,只有中型物种,而小型和大型物种均不受蚂蚁的影响。然而,在蚂蚁暴露处理之间,花序的果实产量没有差异。我们发现有明确的证据表明,蚂蚁会干扰飞行昆虫到访印度的花序,但这些变化不会影响印度的水果产量,这可能是由于飞行昆虫的多样性为授粉服务做出了贡献。因此,鉴于其作为害虫天敌的潜在作用,不建议控制人工林中的蚁群。甲虫和黄蜂不受蚂蚁的侵害。在蜜蜂中,只有中型物种,而小型和大型物种均不受蚂蚁的影响。但是,在蚂蚁暴露处理中,花序上的果实产量没有差异。我们发现有明确的证据表明,蚂蚁会干扰飞行昆虫到访印度的花序,但这些变化不会影响印度的水果产量,这可能是由于飞行昆虫的多样性为授粉服务做出了贡献。因此,考虑到它们作为害虫天敌的潜在作用,不建议控制人工林中的蚁群。花序的果实产量在蚂蚁暴露处理之间没有差异。我们发现有明确的证据表明,蚂蚁会干扰飞行昆虫到访印度的花序,但这些变化不会影响印度的水果产量,这可能是由于飞行昆虫的多样性为授粉服务做出了贡献。因此,鉴于其作为害虫天敌的潜在作用,不建议控制人工林中的蚁群。花序的果实产量在蚂蚁暴露处理之间没有差异。我们发现有明确的证据表明,蚂蚁会干扰飞行昆虫到访印度的花序,但这些变化不会影响印度的水果产量,这可能是由于飞行昆虫的多样性为授粉服务做出了贡献。因此,鉴于其作为害虫天敌的潜在作用,不建议控制人工林中的蚁群。
更新日期:2020-03-27
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