The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko ex Kurdjumov), is one of the world's most economically important pests of grain crops and has been recorded from at least 140 grass species within Poaceae. It has rapidly dispersed from its native origin of Central Asia into most major grain‐producing regions of the world including Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North America and South America. Diuraphis noxia was first found in Australia in a wheat crop in the mid‐north of South Australia in May 2016. Since then, D. noxia has been recorded throughout grain‐growing regions of South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. The distribution will continue to expand, with climatic suitability modelling suggesting D. noxia can persist in all key grain regions, including large parts of Western Australia and Queensland. Australian populations of D. noxia appear to be anholocyclic, with no sexual stages being observed. The aphids can reproduce year round as long as host plants are available. Australian farmers have generally adopted prophylactic insecticide seed treatments and/or foliar sprays to manage D. noxia. Research is required to fully understand yield impacts, host preferences and host plant resistance associated with D. noxia. Cultural control through managing alternate host plants over summer, agronomic crop management, biological control and developments in host plant resistance should provide considerable future benefits.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚Diuraphis noxia（Hemiptera：Aphididae）的生物学，生态学和管理

俄罗斯小麦蚜虫Diuraphis noxia（Mordvilko ex Kurdjumov）是世界上最重要的粮食作物害虫之一，在禾本科（Poaceae）中至少有140种草种被记录下来。它已从其原籍中亚迅速分散到世界上大多数主要的粮食生产地区，包括非洲，亚洲，欧洲，中东，北美和南美。Diuraphis noxia于2016年5月在澳大利亚南部澳大利亚中北部的一种小麦作物中首次发现。此后，在澳大利亚南部，维多利亚州，新南威尔士州和塔斯马尼亚州的粮食种植区均记录了D. noxia。分布将继续扩大，气候适应性模型表明D. noxia可以在所有重要的谷物地区（包括西澳大利亚州和昆士兰州的大部分地区）持续存在。澳大利亚的D. noxia种群似乎是整体循环的，没有观察到性阶段。只要有寄主植物，蚜虫就可以全年繁殖。澳大利亚农民通常采用预防性杀虫剂种子处理和/或叶面喷雾剂来控制D. noxia。需要进行研究以充分了解与D. noxia相关的产量影响，寄主偏好和寄主植物抗性。通过夏季管理替代寄主植物的文化控制，农作物作物管理，生物控制以及寄主植物抗性的发展应会为将来带来可观的收益。