Whether species diversity contributes to the ecosystem stability has been one of the most heated arguments in community ecology. Potentially different contributions of different ecosystem species have not been explicitly taken into account. With fig species and their associated fig wasp community as model system, we bring community structure into the “diversity-stability” debate by establishing the fig-fig wasp food web model. The simulations of our model indicated that wasp diversity was promoted by population density of the parasitoids of the pollinating wasps, and that top-down control from the parasitoids regulated community diversity and stability. Moreover, only moderate parasitoidism on the pollinators resulted in the regular/irregular oscillatory coexistence in the fig-fig wasp community. Increases in the wasp diversity could increase community stability when biodiversity of fig wasps was low, while population chaos would maintain wasp diversity in the fig-fig wasp system. Our theoretical predictions are consistent with the newest experimental study on the fig-fig wasp system, which showed that loss of top-down control (parasitoidism on the pollinators) resulted in a change in the balance of reciprocal benefits, thereby changing food web complexity.

中文翻译：

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授粉媒介上的中等寄生虫病会导致种群振荡，并增加无花果黄蜂群落中的物种多样性

物种多样性是否有助于生态系统稳定一直是社区生态学中最激烈的争论之一。没有明确考虑不同生态系统物种潜在的不同贡献。以无花果物种及其相关的无花果黄蜂群落为模型系统，我们通过建立无花果-无花果黄蜂食物网模型，将群落结构纳入“多样性-稳定性”的讨论。我们模型的模拟表明，黄蜂多样性是由授粉的黄蜂寄生虫的种群密度促进的，而从寄生虫的自上而下的控制调节了群落的多样性和稳定性。此外，在无花果蜂群中，授粉媒介上只有适度的寄生性导致正常/不规则的振荡共存。当无花果黄蜂的生物多样性较低时，黄蜂多样性的增加可以提高社区的稳定性，而人口混乱将在无花果无花果黄蜂系统中保持黄蜂多样性。我们的理论预测与无花果黄蜂系统的最新实验研究一致，该研究表明自上而下控制的丧失（授粉媒介上的寄生虫）导致互惠效益的平衡发生变化，从而改变了食物网的复杂性。