Of all the Devonian stratigraphic boundaries, the Frasnian–Famennian transition (372.2 ± 1.6 Ma) preserves the record of one of the most significant crises in the history of life, the final stages of which lie buried in the distinctive Kellwasser limestone. The Kellwasser facies occur in Western and Central Europe and the commonly cited Płucki area of Poland’s geologically rich Holy Cross Mountains is the only site in that region where the Frasnian–Famennian boundary is considered to occur within Kellwasser facies. At this locality, the limestone contains slump structures, comprising contorted beds and folds. Actually the Kellwasser-like limestone from Płucki is composed of a mixture of three distinct types of sediment, occurring as clasts, commonly deformed and sheared, and matrix, rather than being one homogenous bed, as previously considered. Thus, earlier studies and interpretations of this limestone may need revising. This paper documents the evidence for sediment erosion and reworking, debris flows, sliding and soft-sediment deformation on a submarine slope, and suggests that seismic events were the likely triggering mechanism for slumping and resedimentation.

中文翻译：

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波兰圣十字山脉 Płucki 剖面的 Frasnian-Famennian 边界区间的高能事件

在所有泥盆纪地层边界中，Frasnian-Famennian 过渡 (372.2 ± 1.6 Ma) 保留了生命史上最重大危机之一的记录，其最后阶段埋藏在独特的 Kellwasser 石灰岩中。Kellwasser 相出现在西欧和中欧，并且普遍引用的波兰地质丰富的圣十字山脉的 Płucki 地区是该地区唯一的一个地点，Frasnian-Famennian 边界被认为出现在 Kellwasser 相内。在这个地方，石灰岩包含坍塌结构，包括扭曲的床和褶皱。实际上，来自 Płucki 的类似 Kellwasser 的石灰岩是由三种不同类型的沉积物组成的，这些沉积物以碎屑的形式出现，通常变形和剪切，以及基质，而不是如前所述的同质床。因此，对这种石灰岩的早期研究和解释可能需要修改。本文记录了海底斜坡上沉积物侵蚀和改造、泥石流、滑动和软沉积物变形的证据，并表明地震事件是坍塌和再沉积的可能触发机制。