Smartphone use in learning environments can be productive or distracting depending upon the type of use. The use is also impacted by the learner’s view and understanding of the smartphone and self-regulated learning skills. Measures are needed to specify uses and learner understandings to address the implications for teaching and learning. This study reports on the development of a multi-factor inventory designed to measure multitasking while studying, avoiding distractions while studying, mindful phone use, and phone knowledge. The inventory was completed by 514 undergraduate students enrolled in a first-year seminar. The results indicate good reliability and a three-factor structure with multitasking and avoiding distraction merging into one factor. The resulting measure can support research to improve self-regulation of smartphone use. Suggestions regarding instructional use are provided.

中文翻译：

---

智能手机的开发和学习清单：衡量自我调节的使用

根据使用类型，在学习环境中使用智能手机可能会富有成效或分散注意力。学习者对智能手机的看法和理解以及自我调节的学习技能也会影响使用。需要采取措施来指定用途和学习者的理解，以解决对教学的影响。这项研究报告了多因素清单的发展，该清单旨在在学习时测量多任务处理，避免在学习时分散注意力，注意电话使用和电话知识。514名本科生参加了第一年的研讨会，完成了调查表。结果表明良好的可靠性和具有多任务处理的三要素结构，并且避免了将干扰分散为一个要素。由此产生的措施可以为改善智能手机使用自我监管的研究提供支持。