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Conjoint use of hydraulic head and groundwater age data to detect hydrogeologic barriers
Hydrogeology Journal ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10040-019-02095-9
Sarah K. Marshall , Peter G. Cook , Leonard F. Konikow , Craig T. Simmons , Shawan Dogramaci

Hydraulic head and groundwater age data are effective in building understanding of groundwater systems. Yet their joint role in detecting and characterising low-permeability geological structures, i.e. hydrogeologic barriers such as faults and dykes, has not been widely studied. Here, numerical flow and transport models, using MODFLOW-NWT and MT3D-USGS, were developed with different hydrogeologic barrier configurations in a hypothetical aquifer. Computed hydraulic head and groundwater age distributions were compared to those without a barrier. The conjoint use of these datasets helps in detecting vertically-oriented barriers. Two forms of recharge were compared: (1) applied across the entire aquifer surface (uniform), and (2) applied to the upstream part of the aquifer (upgradient). The hydraulic head distribution is significantly impacted by a barrier that penetrates the aquifer’s full vertical thickness. This barrier also perturbs the groundwater age distribution when upgradient recharge prevails; however, with uniform recharge, groundwater age is not successful in detecting the barrier. When a barrier is buried, such as by younger sediment, hydraulic head data also do not clearly identify the barrier. Groundwater age data could, on the other hand, prove to be useful if sampled at depth-specific intervals. These results are important for the detection and characterisation of hydrogeologic barriers, which may play a significant role in the compartmentalisation of groundwater flow, spring dynamics, and drawdown and recovery associated with groundwater extraction.



中文翻译:

结合使用水头和地下水年龄数据检测水文地质屏障

水力压头和地下水年龄数据可以有效地增进对地下水系统的了解。然而,它们在检测和表征低渗透性地质结构(即断层和堤坝等水文地质屏障)中的共同作用尚未得到广泛研究。在这里,在假设的含水层中,使用MODFLOW-NWT和MT3D-USGS建立了具有不同水文地质屏障构造的数值流和输运模型。将计算出的水头和地下水的年龄分布与无障碍物进行了比较。这些数据集的联合使用有助于检测垂直方向的障碍。比较了两种补给形式:(1)应用于整个含水层表面(均匀),以及(2)应用于含水层的上游部分(向上)。液压头的分布受到穿透含水层整个垂直厚度的屏障的显着影响。当升级补给盛行时,这种障碍也会扰乱地下水的年龄分布。但是,如果补给均匀,则地下水年龄无法成功检测到障碍物。当屏障被诸如较年轻的沉积物掩埋时,液压头数据也不能清楚地识别屏障。另一方面,如果以特定深度的间隔进行采样,则地下水年龄数据可能会很有用。这些结果对于水文地质屏障的检测和表征很重要,这些屏障可能在地下水流量的分区,春季动力以及与地下水开采相关的回灌和回收中发挥重要作用。当升级补给盛行时,这种障碍也会扰乱地下水的年龄分布。但是,如果补给均匀,则地下水年龄无法成功检测到障碍物。当屏障被诸如较年轻的沉积物掩埋时,液压头数据也不能清楚地识别屏障。另一方面,如果以特定深度的间隔进行采样,则地下水年龄数据可能会很有用。这些结果对于水文地质屏障的检测和表征很重要,这些屏障可能在地下水流量的分区,春季动力以及与地下水开采相关的回灌和回收中发挥重要作用。当升级补给盛行时,这种障碍也会扰乱地下水的年龄分布。但是,如果补给均匀,则地下水年龄无法成功检测到障碍物。当屏障被诸如较年轻的沉积物掩埋时,液压头数据也不能清楚地识别屏障。另一方面,如果以特定深度的间隔进行采样,则地下水年龄数据可能会很有用。这些结果对于水文地质屏障的检测和表征很重要,这些屏障可能在地下水流量的分区,春季动力以及与地下水开采相关的回灌和回收中发挥重要作用。当屏障被诸如较年轻的沉积物掩埋时,液压头数据也不能清楚地识别屏障。另一方面,如果以特定深度的间隔进行采样,则地下水年龄数据可能会很有用。这些结果对于水文地质屏障的检测和表征很重要,这些屏障可能在地下水流量的分区,春季动力以及与地下水开采相关的回灌和回收中发挥重要作用。当屏障被诸如较年轻的沉积物掩埋时,液压头数据也不能清楚地识别屏障。另一方面,如果以特定深度的间隔进行采样,则地下水年龄数据可能会很有用。这些结果对于水文地质屏障的检测和表征很重要,这些屏障可能在地下水流量的分区,春季动力以及与地下水开采相关的回灌和回收中发挥重要作用。

更新日期:2020-04-21
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