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Sex ratios deviate across killifish species without clear links to life history
Evolutionary Ecology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10041-5
Will Sowersby , Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer , Björn Rogell

Sex ratios can differ from an expected equal proportion of males and females, carrying substantial implications for our understanding of how mating systems evolve. Typically, macro-evolutionary studies have been conducted without assessing how deviations from an equal sex ratio could be explained by sex-biased mortality or dispersal. Our understanding of sex ratio evolution independent of these confounds, in addition to any putative links between skewed sex ratios and other factors (e.g. life history), therefore remains largely unexplored. Here, we conducted an exploratory study investigating differences in sex ratios across closely related species while controlling for extrinsic mortality. We also tested two factors, non-overlapping/overlapping generations and the social environment, which have both been hypothesised to affect sex ratios. Specifically, we raised 15 species of killifish, which have either overlapping or discrete generations, under both solitary and social treatments. We found substantial divergences in sex ratios across closely related species, which exhibited both male and female biases. In conjunction with a low phylogenetic signal, our results suggest that sex ratios can evolve rapidly in this group. However, we found no evidence that overlapping generations or the social environment affected sex biases, suggesting that other factors drive the rapid evolution of sex ratios in killifishes.

中文翻译:

与生活史没有明确联系的鳉鱼物种的性别比例存在偏差

性别比例可能不同于预期的相同比例的男性和女性,这对我们理解交配系统如何进化具有重大意义。通常,宏观进化研究是在没有评估如何用性别偏见的死亡率或分散来解释与平等性别比例的偏差的情况下进行的。因此,除了性别比例与其他因素(例如生活史)之间的任何假定联系之外,我们对独立于这些混杂因素的性别比例演变的理解在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这里,我们进行了一项探索性研究,调查密切相关物种的性别比例差异,同时控制外在死亡率。我们还测试了两个因素,非重叠/重叠世代和社会环境,这两个因素都被假设为影响性别比例。具体而言,我们在单独和社会处理下饲养了 15 种具有重叠或离散世代的鳉鱼。我们发现密切相关物种的性别比例存在很大差异,表现出男性和女性的偏见。结合低系统发育信号,我们的结果表明性别比例可以在这个群体中迅速发展。然而,我们没有发现重叠世代或社会环境影响性别偏见的证据,这表明其他因素推动了鳉鱼性别比例的快速演变。结合低系统发育信号,我们的结果表明,该群体的性别比例可以迅速演变。然而,我们没有发现重叠世代或社会环境影响性别偏见的证据,这表明其他因素推动了鳉鱼性别比例的快速演变。结合低系统发育信号,我们的结果表明性别比例可以在这个群体中迅速发展。然而,我们没有发现重叠世代或社会环境影响性别偏见的证据,这表明其他因素推动了鳉鱼性别比例的快速演变。
更新日期:2020-04-18
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