This study conducts the first systematic literature review of climate change adaptation in aquaculture. We address three specific questions: (i) What is aquaculture adapting to? (ii) How is aquaculture adapting? and (iii) What research gaps need to be addressed? We identify, characterise and examine case studies published between 1990 and 2018 that lie at the intersection of the domains of climate change, adaptation and aquaculture. The main areas of documented climate change impacts relate to extreme events and the general impacts of climate change on the aquaculture sector. Three categories of adaptation to climate change are identified: coping mechanisms at the local level (e.g. water quality management techniques), multilevel adaptive strategies (e.g. changing culture practices) and management approaches (e.g. adaptation planning, community‐based adaptation). We identify four potential areas for future research: research on inland aquaculture adaptation; studies at the household level; whether different groups of aquaculture farmers (e.g. indigenous people) face and adapt differently to climate change; and the use of GIS and remote sensing as cost‐effective tools for developing adaptation strategies and responses. The study brings essential practical and theoretical insights to the aquaculture industry as well as to climate change adaptation research across the globe.

中文翻译：

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水产养殖对气候变化的适应

这项研究对水产养殖中的气候变化适应进行了首次系统的文献综述。我们解决三个具体问题：（i）水产养殖适应什么？（ii）水产养殖如何适应？（iii）需要解决哪些研究空白？我们确定，表征和研究1990年至2018年之间发布的案例研究，这些案例研究涉及气候变化，适应和水产养殖领域。已记录的气候变化影响的主要领域涉及极端事件以及气候变化对水产养殖部门的一般影响。确定了三类适应气候变化的方法：地方一级的应对机制（例如水质管理技术），多级适应性战略（例如不断变化的文化习惯）和管理方法（例如适应性计划，基于社区的适应）。我们确定了未来研究的四个潜在领域：内陆水产养殖适应性研究；在家庭一级学习；不同群体的水产养殖农民（例如土著人民）是否面对并不同地适应气候变化；以及使用GIS和遥感作为制定适应策略和应对措施的经济有效的工具。该研究为水产养殖业以及全球气候变化适应研究带来了重要的实践和理论见解。以及使用GIS和遥感作为开发适应策略和应对措施的经济有效的工具。该研究为水产养殖业以及全球气候变化适应研究带来了重要的实践和理论见解。以及使用GIS和遥感作为制定适应策略和应对措施的经济有效的工具。该研究为水产养殖业以及全球气候变化适应研究带来了重要的实践和理论见解。