The separation of oil–water mixtures by membranes with hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity is an effective method. However, the fabrication of these oil–water separation membranes usually needs a complex chemical treatment process. In this study, a facile and green method to fabricate bacterial cellulose membranes (BCMs) with superwettability through one‐step filtration process without any further tedious and costly chemical modification for efficient oil–water separation is proposed. Owing to the ultrafine (20–80 nm in diameter) nanofiber structure and intrinsic hydrophilicity of bacterial cellulose (BC), BCMs with a 3D web‐like structure show superhydrophilicity in air (water contact angles about 0°) and underwater superoleophobicity (oils contact angles >150°). During the oil–water separation process, water permeates through BCMs quickly while oils remain at the BCMs' upper side. Furthermore, all separation processes present high separation efficiency (>99.7%) and high fluxes. In addition, two different models are proposed to describe the formation and microstructure of BCMs and how it affect the separation process. Thus, this work provides a facile and environment benign route for obtaining excellent separation membranes for oil‐polluted‐water treatment.

中文翻译：

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简便且绿色的方法来制造具有超高润湿性的油水分离细菌纤维素膜

用具有亲水性和水下超疏油性的膜分离油水混合物是一种有效的方法。但是，这些油水分离膜的制造通常需要复杂的化学处理过程。在这项研究中，提出了一种简便，绿色的方法，该方法可通过一步过滤工艺制造具有超湿性的细菌纤维素膜（BCM），而无需进行任何进一步繁琐且昂贵的化学修饰，即可实现有效的油水分离。由于具有超细（直径为20-80 nm）的纳米纤维结构和细菌纤维素（BC）的固有亲水性，具有3D网状结构的BCM在空气中（水接触角约为0°）具有超亲水性，而在水下具有超疏油性（与油接触）角度> 150°）。在油水分离过程中，水迅速渗入BCM，而油则留在BCM的上侧。此外，所有分离过程均表现出高分离效率（> 99.7％）和高通量。此外，提出了两种不同的模型来描述BCM的形成和微观结构，以及它们如何影响分离过程。因此，这项工作为获得用于油污水处理的优良分离膜提供了一种简便，环境友好的途径。