In this paper, we propose a physical layer authentication scheme in heterogeneous coexist multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This scheme utilizes two physical layer features in terms of location-specific channel gains and transmitter-specific phase noise caused by imperfect oscillators to identify transmitters. Three properties of the proposed scheme: covertness, robustness, and security, are analyzed in detail. By using a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) and extended Kalman filter (EKF), we estimate channel gains and phase noise, and formulate variances of estimation errors. We also quantize the temporal variations of channel gains and phase noise through the developed quantizers. Based on quantization results and theories of hypothesis testing and stochastic process, we then derive the closed-form expressions for false alarm and detection probabilities with the consideration of quantization errors. Simulations are carried out to validate the theoretical results of the two probabilities. Based on theoretical models, we further demonstrate that the proposed scheme makes it possible for us to flexibly control authentication performance by adjusting thresholds (for channel gain, phase noise, and decision, respectively) to achieve a required authentication performance in specific MIMO applications.

中文翻译：

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MIMO系统中信道和相位噪声联合使用的物理层认证

在本文中，我们提出了异构共存多输入多输出 (MIMO) 系统中的物理层认证方案。该方案利用位置特定的信道增益和由不完美的振荡器引起的特定于发射机的相位噪声方面的两个物理层特征来识别发射机。详细分析了所提出方案的三个特性：隐蔽性、鲁棒性和安全性。通过使用最大似然估计器 (MLE) 和扩展卡尔曼滤波器 (EKF)，我们估计信道增益和相位噪声，并制定估计误差的方差。我们还通过开发的量化器量化通道增益和相位噪声的时间变化。基于量化结果和假设检验和随机过程的理论，然后，我们在考虑量化误差的情况下，推导出虚警和检测概率的闭式表达式。进行模拟以验证两种概率的理论结果。基于理论模型，我们进一步证明了所提出的方案使我们能够通过调整阈值（分别用于信道增益、相位噪声和决策）来灵活地控制认证性能，从而在特定的 MIMO 应用中实现所需的认证性能。