Drug-related cues have been extensively studied for their contributions to decision-making processes involving drug consumption. Less studied is how drug-related stimuli may impact decisions involving outcomes not directly related to substance use. Studies using concurrent choice tasks have demonstrated that cocaine and cannabis cues result in robust and selective biases for monetary reinforcers contiguous with those cues. The purpose of this study was to provide a conceptual replication of these findings with alcohol and cigarettes. Participants recruited using crowdsourcing completed a cued concurrent choice task involving presentation of two cues (one drug and one neutral) followed by concurrent monetary offers below each image. Alcohol (Experiment 1; N = 103) and cigarette (Experiment 2; N = 256) visual cues were evaluated. Participants with hazardous alcohol use and current cigarette use showed greater-than-indifference selection for the alcohol- (p = .004) and cigarette-cued (p = .02) monetary choices, respectively. Qualitative responses indicated that the most popular rationale for responding was "image quality" despite images having no explicit impact on the reinforcer received. Low alcohol use (p = .03) and non-cigarette using controls (p < .001) showed an avoidance bias with lower-than-indifference selection for drug-cued choices. These findings replicate and extend observations that spatially contiguous drug-related cues can bias decisions involving concurrently presented non-drug reinforcers.

中文翻译：

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酒精和香烟相关线索对人类并发强化剂选择的贡献

与毒品有关的线索因其对涉及毒品消费的决策过程的贡献而被广泛研究。研究较少的是与药物相关的刺激如何影响涉及与物质使用不直接相关的结果的决策。使用并发选择任务的研究表明，可卡因和大麻线索会导致与这些线索相邻的货币强化物产生强烈和选择性的偏见。这项研究的目的是提供这些发现与酒精和香烟的概念性复制。使用众包招募的参与者完成了一项有提示的并发选择任务，包括呈现两种提示（一种药物和一种中性），然后在每个图像下方同时提供货币优惠。评估了酒精（实验 1；N = 103）和香烟（实验 2；N = 256）的视觉提示。有危险饮酒和当前吸烟的参与者分别对酒精（p = .004）和香烟提示（p = .02）货币选择表现出大于无差异的选择。定性反应表明，尽管图像对收到的强化物没有明显影响，但最流行的反应理由是“图像质量”。低度饮酒 (p = .03) 和不使用香烟的对照组 (p < .001) 显示出回避偏倚，对药物提示的选择低于无差异选择。这些发现复制并扩展了空间连续的药物相关线索可能会偏向涉及同时呈现的非药物强化剂的决策的观察结果。02）货币选择，分别。定性反应表明，尽管图像对收到的强化物没有明显影响，但最流行的反应理由是“图像质量”。低度饮酒 (p = .03) 和不使用香烟的对照组 (p < .001) 显示出回避偏倚，对药物提示的选择低于无差异选择。这些发现复制并扩展了空间连续的药物相关线索可能会偏向涉及同时呈现的非药物强化剂的决策的观察结果。02）货币选择，分别。定性反应表明，尽管图像对收到的强化物没有明显影响，但最流行的反应理由是“图像质量”。低度饮酒 (p = .03) 和不使用香烟的对照组 (p < .001) 显示出回避偏倚，对药物提示的选择低于无差异选择。这些发现复制并扩展了空间连续的药物相关线索可能会偏向涉及同时呈现的非药物强化剂的决策的观察结果。001) 表现出回避偏差，对药物提示的选择低于无差异选择。这些发现复制并扩展了空间连续的药物相关线索可能会偏向涉及同时呈现的非药物强化剂的决策的观察结果。001) 表现出回避偏差，对药物提示的选择低于无差异选择。这些发现复制并扩展了空间连续的药物相关线索可能会偏向涉及同时呈现的非药物强化剂的决策的观察结果。