Abstract Recent development in human-computer interfaces (HCIs) including electronic gaming machines and online gambling has exposed novices to the risks of gambling-related harm. Interface characteristics not only reflect the structure of the game, they also shape users' sense of agency concerning their gambling. Although studies have indicated the importance of causal attribution in risky gambling, the roles of the sense of agency and its largest factor, predictability, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed the impact of interface predictability on gambling tendencies. Participants played a computerized card-guessing game on two interfaces with distinct visual feedback predictability related to users' card choice operation (i.e., the consistency between the direction of mouse motion and cards). Between these interfaces, we compared participants’ subjective estimation of win probability and their wager history in each trial. Their subjective win probability did not differ between conditions. Intriguingly, participants only decreased their wagers following a loss when the interface was predictable, but not when it was unpredictable. Moreover, the effects of predictability of a “winning run” depended on individual difference in illusory control. This study provides evidence that feeling of agency mediates the impact of interface features on gambling. This may contribute to interface design for a healthy gambling experience.

中文翻译：

---

界面可预测性改变了计算机化赌博中的投注行为

摘要 包括电子游戏机和在线赌博在内的人机界面 (HCI) 的最新发展使新手面临与赌博相关的伤害风险。界面特征不仅反映了游戏的结构，还塑造了用户对赌博的代理感。尽管研究表明因果归因在风险赌博中的重要性，但代理意识的作用及其最大因素可预测性仍不清楚。因此，我们评估了界面可预测性对赌博倾向的影响。参与者在两个界面上玩电脑猜牌游戏，具有与用户选牌操作相关的不同视觉反馈可预测性（即鼠标运动方向和卡片之间的一致性）。在这些接口之间，我们比较了参与者在每次试验中对获胜概率的主观估计和他们的投注历史。他们的主观获胜概率在不同条件下没有差异。有趣的是，当界面可预测时，参与者只会在输掉比赛后减少赌注，而当界面不可预测时则不会。此外，“获胜奔跑”的可预测性的影响取决于幻觉控制的个体差异。这项研究提供的证据表明，代理感介导了界面特征对赌博的影响。这可能有助于健康赌博体验的界面设计。当界面可预测时，参与者只会在输掉比赛后减少下注，而当界面不可预测时则不会。此外，“获胜奔跑”的可预测性的影响取决于幻觉控制的个体差异。这项研究提供的证据表明，代理感介导了界面特征对赌博的影响。这可能有助于健康赌博体验的界面设计。当界面可预测时，参与者只会在输掉比赛后减少下注，而当界面不可预测时则不会。此外，“获胜奔跑”的可预测性的影响取决于幻觉控制的个体差异。这项研究提供的证据表明，代理感介导了界面特征对赌博的影响。这可能有助于健康赌博体验的界面设计。