Aquaculture is the fastest-growing farmed food sector and will soon become the primary source of fish and shellfish for human diets. In contrast to crop and livestock production, aquaculture production is derived from numerous, exceptionally diverse species that are typically in the early stages of domestication. Genetic improvement of production traits via well-designed, managed breeding programmes has great potential to help meet the rising seafood demand driven by human population growth. Supported by continuous advances in sequencing and bioinformatics, genomics is increasingly being applied across the broad range of aquaculture species and at all stages of the domestication process to optimize selective breeding. In the future, combining genomic selection with biotechnological innovations, such as genome editing and surrogate broodstock technologies, may further expedite genetic improvement in aquaculture.

水产养殖是增长最快的农业食品部门，不久将成为人类饮食中鱼类和贝类的主要来源。与农作物和牲畜生产相反，水产养殖生产来自许多通常在驯化初期的极其不同的物种。通过精心设计，管理良好的育种计划对生产性状进行遗传改良，具有巨大的潜力，可以帮助满足人口增长带来的不断增长的海鲜需求。在测序和生物信息学的不断进步的支持下，基因组学越来越广泛地应用于广泛的水产养殖物种以及驯化过程的所有阶段，以优化选择性育种。将来，将基因组选择与生物技术创新相结合，