Endometriosis (EMS) is a multifactorial disease that affects 10%-15% women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The pathogenesis of EMS has not been consistently explained until now. In this study, we involved 36 endometriosis patients and 14 control subjects who performed laparoscopic surgery due to gynecological benign tumor. The samples from lower third of vagina (CL), posterior vaginal fornix (CU), cervical mucus (CV), endometrium (ET) and peritoneal fluid (PF), were collected and sequenced by 16S rRNA amplicon. The continuous change of the microbiota distribution was identified along the reproductive tract. The flora in lower reproductive tract (CL, CU) were dominated by Lactobacillus. Significant difference of the community diversity began showing in the CV of EMS patients and gradually increased upward the reproductive tract. It indicates the microbiota in cervical samples is expected to be an indicator for the risk of EMS. This study also highlights the decreasing of Lactobacillus in vaginal flora and the increasing of signature Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in transaction zone (CV) and upper reproductive tract (ET, PF) of EMS patients, which reflect the alteration of microbial community associated with EMS, participation of specific colonized bacteria in the EMS pathogenesis and relationship between microbiota and development of disease.

中文翻译：

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子宫内膜异位症女性生殖道的微生物群组成和分布。

子宫内膜异位症（EMS）是一种多因素疾病，会影响10％-15％的育龄妇女，并伴有慢性盆腔疼痛和不孕症。到目前为止，EMS的发病机理尚未得到一致的解释。在这项研究中，我们纳入了36例子宫内膜异位患者和14例由于妇科良性肿瘤而进行腹腔镜手术的对照组。收集来自阴道下半部（CL），阴道后穹ni（CU），宫颈粘液（CV），子宫内膜（ET）和腹膜液（PF）的样品，并通过16S rRNA扩增子进行测序。沿生殖道确定了微生物群分布的连续变化。下生殖道（CL，CU）的菌群以乳酸菌为主。社区多样性的显着差异开始出现在EMS患者的简历中，并逐渐向生殖道增加。它表明宫颈样品中的微生物群有望成为EMS风险的指标。这项研究还强调了EMS患者交易区（CV）和上生殖道（ET，PF）中阴道菌群中乳酸杆菌的减少和签名操作分类单位（OTU）的增加，这反映了与细菌相关的微生物群落的变化EMS，特定定植细菌参与EMS发病机制以及微生物群与疾病发展之间的关系。