Observing, understanding, and mitigating the effects of failure in embedded systems is essential for building dependable control systems. We develop a software-based monitoring methodology to further this goal. This methodology can be applied to any embedded system peripheral and allows the system to operate normally while the monitoring software is running. We use software to instrument the operating system kernel and record indicators of system behavior. By comparing those indicators against baseline indicators of normal system operation, faults can be detected and appropriate action can be taken. We implement this methodology to detect faults caused by electrostatic discharge in a USB host controller. As indicators, we select specific control registers that provide a manifestation of the internal execution of the host controller. Analysis of the recorded register values reveals differences in system execution when the system is subject to interference. %We also develop a classifier capable of predicting whether or not the system's behavior is being affected by such shocks. This improved understanding of system behavior may lead to better hardware and software mitigation of electrostatic discharge and assist in root-cause analysis and repair of failures.

中文翻译：

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受静电放电影响的 USB 主机控制器的基于软件的监控和分析

观察、理解和减轻嵌入式系统故障的影响对于构建可靠的控制系统至关重要。我们开发了一种基于软件的监控方法来进一步实现这一目标。这种方法可以应用于任何嵌入式系统外设，并允许系统在监控软件运行时正常运行。我们使用软件来检测操作系统内核并记录系统行为指标。通过将这些指标与正常系统运行的基线指标进行比较，可以检测到故障并采取适当的措施。我们采用这种方法来检测 USB 主机控制器中由静电放电引起的故障。作为指标，我们选择了提供主机控制器内部执行表现形式的特定控制寄存器。对记录的寄存器值的分析揭示了当系统受到干扰时系统执行的差异。我们还开发了一个分类器，能够预测系统的行为是否受到此类冲击的影响。这种对系统行为的更好理解可能会导致更好的硬件和软件缓解静电放电，并有助于根本原因分析和故障修复。