Enhancing electrode areal capacity of lithium‐ion batteries will result in cost saving and better electrochemical performances. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a very promising solution, which enables to build structurally complex electrodes with well‐controlled geometry, shape and thickness. Here we report on 3D‐printed cathodes based on LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) as the active material, which are fabricated by robocasting AM via aqueous processing. Such a technology is: i) environmentally friendly, since it works well with water and green binders; ii) fast, due to very short deposition times and rapid drying process because of low amount of solvent in the printable pastes; iii) easily scalable. The cathodes are produced by extruding pastes with higher solid loadings (>70 vol %) than those typically reported in literature. The printing efficiency is strongly affected by both the binder and the carbonaceous additive. The best cathode is composed by LMO, Pluronic as the binder, and a mixture of graphite/carbon black as the electronic conductor, which is critical for achieving optimal electrochemical performance. The cathode with thickness of 200 μm and mass loading of 13 mg cm⁻² exhibits good electrochemical areal capacity (2.3 mAh cm⁻²) and energy density (>32 J cm⁻²). Our results may boost the development of greener, lower cost and more efficient new generation of LIBs for applications as household energy storage or even micro‐battery technology.

中文翻译：

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高能量密度锂离子电池水处理LiMn2O4厚电极的增材制造

增强锂离子电池的电极面积容量将节省成本并提高电化学性能。增材制造（AM）是一个非常有前途的解决方案，它可以构建结构良好，几何形状，形状和厚度受控的复杂电极。在此我们报告基于LiMn ₂ O _4的3D打印阴极（LMO）作为活性材料，通过水处理对AM进行机械浇铸而制成。这样的技术是：i）对环境友好，因为它与水和绿色粘合剂很好地结合在一起；ii）快速，由于沉积时间非常短，并且由于可印刷浆料中的溶剂量少，因此干燥过程迅速；iii）易于扩展。阴极是通过挤压糊料来生产的，该糊料的固含量高于文献中通常报道的固含量（> 70体积％）。粘合剂和碳质添加剂都强烈影响印刷效率。最好的阴极由LMO，Pluronic作为粘合剂以及石墨/炭黑的混合物作为电子导体组成，这对于实现最佳的电化学性能至关重要。阴极厚度为200μm，质量负载为13 mg cm^-2表现出良好的电化学面积容量（2.3 mAh cm ^-2）和能量密度（> 32 J cm ^-2）。我们的结果可能会促进开发更绿色，成本更低和更高效的新一代LIB，以用于家用储能甚至微型电池技术。