Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measured on the XMaS beamline at the ESRF was used to characterize the alloy composition and crystalline surface corrosion of three copper alloy Tudor artefacts recovered from the undersea wreck of King Henry VIII's warship the Mary Rose. The XRD method adopted has a dynamic range ∼1:105 and allows reflections <0.002% of the height of major reflections in the pattern to be discerned above the background without smoothing. Laboratory XRD, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and X-ray excited optical luminescence-X-ray near-edge absorption structure were used as supporting techniques, and the combination revealed structural and compositional features of importance to both archaeology and conservation. The artefacts were brass links believed to be fragments of chainmail and were excavated from the seabed during 1981 and 1982. Their condition reflects very different treatment just after recovery, viz. complete cleaning and conservation, chemical corrosion inhibition and chloride removal only, and distilled water soaking only (to remove the chlorides). The brass composition has been determined for all three at least in the top 7 µm or so as Cu(73%)Zn(27%) from the lattice constant. Measurement of the peak widths showed significant differences in the crystallite size and microstrain between the three samples. All of the links are found to be almost chloride-free with the main corrosion products being spertiniite, sphalerite, zincite, covellite and chalcocite. The balance of corrosion products between the links reflects the conservation treatment applied to one and points to different corrosion environments for the other two.

中文翻译：

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同步X射线衍射研究亨利八世国王战舰玛丽·罗斯（Mary Rose）人工制品的表面状况。

在ESRF的XMaS光束线上测量的同步加速器X射线衍射（XRD）用于表征从亨利八世国王玛丽玛丽·罗斯的海难残骸中回收的三种铜合金都铎式文物的合金成分和晶体表面腐蚀。采用的XRD方法的动态范围约为1：105，并且可以在背景之上辨别出图案中主要反射高度的<0.002％的反射，而无需进行平滑处理。实验室XRD，扫描电子显微镜-能量色散谱，同步加速器X射线荧光和X射线激发的光致发光-X射线近边缘吸收结构被用作支持技术，这些结合揭示了结构和组成特征对两者都很重要考古与保护。这些文物是黄铜链，据信是链锁的碎片，是在1981年和1982年从海底挖出的。它们的状况反映出刚恢复后的处理情况非常不同，即。彻底清洁和保存，仅化学腐蚀抑制和氯化物去除，以及仅浸泡蒸馏水（去除氯化物）。从晶格常数起，至少在顶部的7 µm左右确定了全部三种黄铜的成分，即Cu（73％）Zn（​​27％）。峰宽的测量表明，三个样品之间的微晶尺寸和微应变存在显着差异。发现所有连接几乎都不含氯化物，主要腐蚀产物为锂辉石，闪锌矿，锌矿，钙铝石和辉绿岩。