Longhorn beetles are among the most important groups of invasive forest insects worldwide. In parallel, they represent one of the most well-studied insect groups in terms of chemical ecology. Longhorn beetle aggregation-sex pheromones are commonly used as trap lures for specific and generic surveillance programs at points of entry and may play a key role in determining the success or failure of exotic species establishment. An exotic species might be more likely to establish in a novel habitat if it relies on a pheromone channel that is different to that of native species active at the same time of year and day, allowing for unhindered mate location (i.e., pheromone-free space hypothesis). In this study, we first tested the attractiveness of single pheromone components (i.e., racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one, and syn-2,3-hexanediol), and their binary and tertiary combinations, to native and exotic longhorn beetle species in Canada and Italy. Second, we exploited trap catches to determine their seasonal flight activity. Third, we used pheromone-baited "timer traps" to determine longhorn beetle daily flight activity. The response to single pheromones and their combinations was mostly species specific but the combination of more than one pheromone component allowed catch of multiple species simultaneously in Italy. The response of the exotic species to pheromone components, coupled with results on seasonal and daily flight activity, provided partial support for the pheromone-free space hypothesis. This study aids in the understanding of longhorn beetle chemical ecology and confirms that pheromones can play a key role in longhorn beetle invasions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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本地和外来长角甲虫对常见信息素成分的反应为无信息素空间假说提供了部分支持

长角牛甲虫是世界范围内最重要的入侵森林昆虫群之一。同时，它们代表了在化学生态学方面研究最深入的昆虫群体之一。Longhorn 甲虫聚集性信息素通常用作入口点特定和通用监视计划的诱捕诱饵，并可能在确定外来物种建立成功或失败方面发挥关键作用。如果外来物种依赖的信息素通道不同于一年中同一时间活跃的本地物种的信息素通道，则外来物种可能更有可能在新的栖息地建立，从而允许不受阻碍的交配位置（即，无信息素空间假设）。在这项研究中，我们首先测试了单个信息素成分（即外消旋 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one、外消旋 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one 和 syn-2，3-己二醇）及其二元和三元组合，用于加拿大和意大利的本地和外来长角甲虫物种。其次，我们利用陷阱捕获来确定它们的季节性飞行活动。第三，我们使用信息素诱饵的“计时器陷阱”来确定长角甲虫的日常飞行活动。对单一信息素及其组合的反应主要是物种特异性的，但在意大利，多于一种信息素成分的组合允许同时捕获多个物种。外来物种对信息素成分的反应，加上季节性和日常飞行活动的结果，为无信息素空间假设提供了部分支持。这项研究有助于了解长角甲虫的化学生态学，并证实信息素可以在长角甲虫的入侵中发挥关键作用。本文受版权保护。版权所有。