Mechanical power loss of lubricated and bearing surfaces serves as an attractive domain for study and research in the field of internal combustion engines. Friction reduction at lubricated and bearing surface is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce gas emission and improve internal combustion engines’ efficiency. This thus motivates automotive industries and researchers to investigate tribological performance of internal combustion engines. Piston secondary motion has prime importance in internal combustion engines and occurs due to unbalanced forces and moments in a plane normal to the wrist pin axis. Consequently, piston executes small translations and rotations within the defined clearance during the piston reciprocating motion. Mechanical friction power loss and lubrication at piston skirt/liner and radiated engine noise are dramatically affected by piston secondary dynamics. The lubrication mechanism, piston secondary motion and tribological performance are affected by piston design parameters (piston/liner clearance, wrist pin offset, skirt profile, etc.), lubricant rheology, oil transport mechanism and operating conditions. Therefore, this review is devoted to summarize the synthesis of main technical aspects, research efforts, conclusions and challenges that must be highlighted regarding piston skirt/liner lubrication and piston dynamics and slap.

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活塞动力学、润滑和摩擦学性能评估：综述

润滑和轴承表面的机械功率损失是内燃机领域研究和研究的一个有吸引力的领域。减少润滑和轴承表面的摩擦是减少气体排放和提高内燃机效率的最具成本效益的方法之一。因此，这促使汽车行业和研究人员研究内燃机的摩擦学性能。活塞二次运动在内燃机中具有最重要的意义，并且由于垂直于活塞销轴的平面中的力和力矩不平衡而发生。因此，活塞在活塞往复运动期间在限定的间隙内执行小的平移和旋转。活塞裙/衬套处的机械摩擦功率损失和润滑以及发动机辐射噪音受活塞次级动力学的显着影响。润滑机制、活塞二次运动和摩擦学性能受活塞设计参数（活塞/缸套间隙、活塞销偏移、裙部轮廓等）、润滑剂流变学、输油机制和操作条件的影响。因此，本综述致力于总结关于活塞裙/衬套润滑和活塞动力学和拍击必须强调的主要技术方面、研究工作、结论和挑战的综合。等）、润滑油流变学、输油机制和操作条件。因此，本综述致力于总结关于活塞裙/衬套润滑和活塞动力学和拍击必须强调的主要技术方面、研究工作、结论和挑战的综合。等）、润滑油流变学、输油机制和操作条件。因此，本综述致力于总结关于活塞裙/衬套润滑和活塞动力学和拍击必须强调的主要技术方面、研究工作、结论和挑战的综合。