An increase in the daily rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been observed during days of geomagnetic storm (GS). However, the analysis of associations between the daily number of AMI and geomagnetic activity (GMA) over longer periods sometimes yields controversial results. The study aimed to detect the complex association between the daily numbers of AMI and weather, the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) phase, GMA, and solar wind variables. We used data of Kaunas population-based Ischemic Heart Disease Register of residents of Kaunas city (Lithuania) for 2000–2012. The associations between weather and space weather variables and the daily number of AMI were evaluated by applying the multivariate Poisson regression. A higher risk of AMI was positively associated with active-stormy local GMA (rate ratio (RR) = 1.06 (95% CI 1.01–1.10)), solar wind dynamic pressure with a lag of 4 days (RR = 1.02 (1.01–1.04) per 1 nPa increase), and solar wind speed with a lag of 3–7 days (RR = 1.03 (1.01–1.05) per 100 km/s increase). A positive association was found between the west QBO phase and the risk of AMI during winter (RR = 1.08 (1.01–1.16)), and a negative association was observed between them during March–November (RR = 0.93 (0.90–0.97)). The risk of AMI positively associated with the GS due to stream interaction regions with a lag of 0–2 days during the east QBO phase (RR = 1.10, p = 0.046) and was negatively associated with them during the west QBO phase (RR = 0.82, p = 0.024). These results may help understand the population’s sensitivity under different weather and space weather conditions. The QBO phase may modify the effect of GS.

中文翻译：

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准双年振荡相位、太阳风、地磁活动与急性心肌梗塞发病率之间的关联

在地磁风暴 (GS) 期间，已观察到急性心肌梗塞 (AMI) 的每日发病率增加。然而，在较长时期内对每日 AMI 数量与地磁活动 (GMA) 之间关联的分析有时会产生有争议的结果。该研究旨在检测每日 AMI 数量与天气、准两年振荡 (QBO) 相位、GMA 和太阳风变量之间的复杂关联。我们使用了 2000-2012 年考纳斯市（立陶宛）居民基于考纳斯人口的缺血性心脏病登记数据。通过应用多元泊松回归评估天气和空间天气变量与每日 AMI 数量之间的关联。较高的 AMI 风险与活跃暴风雨的本地 GMA 呈正相关（比率 (RR) = 1.06 (95% CI 1.01–1.10)），滞后 4 天的太阳风动压（RR = 1.02（1.01-1.04）每增加 1 nPa），滞后 3-7 天的太阳风速（RR = 1.03（1.01-1.05）每 100 公里/ s 增加）。发现西部 QBO 阶段与冬季 AMI 风险之间存在正相关（RR = 1.08（1.01-1.16）），并且在 3 月至 11 月期间观察到它们之间存在负相关（RR = 0.93（0.90-0.97）） . 由于在东部 QBO 阶段滞后 0-2 天的河流相互作用区域（RR = 1.10，p = 0.046），AMI 的风险与 GS 正相关，而在西部 QBO 阶段与它们负相关（RR = 0.82，p = 0.024）。这些结果可能有助于了解人群在不同天气和空间天气条件下的敏感性。QBO 阶段可能会改变 GS 的效果。