To investigate the diploid-polyploid relationships and the role of maternal progenitors in establishment of polyploid richness in Triticeae, 35 polyploids representing almost all genomic constitutions together with 48 diploid taxa representing 20 basic genomes in the tribe were analyzed. Phylogenomic reconstruction, genetic distance matrix, and nucleotide diversity patterns of plastome sequences indicated that (1) The maternal donor of the annual polyploid species with the U- and D-genome are related to extant Ae. umbellulata and Ae. tauschii, respectively. The maternal donor to the annual polyploid species with the S-, G-, and B-genome originated from the species of Sitopsis section of the genus Aegilops. The annual species with the Xe-containing polyploids were donated by Eremopyrum as the female parent; (2) Pseudoroegneria and Psathyrostachys were the maternal donor of perennial species with the St- and Ns-containing polyploids, respectively; (3) The Lophopyrum, Thinopyrum and Dasypyrum genomes contributed cytoplasm genome to Pseudoroegneria species as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and/or chloroplast captures, and these lineages were genetically transmitted to the St-containing polyploid species via polyploidization; (4) There is a reticulate relationship among the St-containing polyploid species. It can be suggested that genetic heterogeneity might associate with the richness of the polyploids in Triticeae.

中文翻译：

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质体的进化模式揭示了小麦的二倍体-多倍体母系关系。

为了研究二倍体与多倍体之间的关系以及母体祖先在小麦的多倍体丰富性建立中的作用，分析了代表几乎所有基因组组成的35个多倍体以及代表该部落中20个基本基因组的48个二倍体类群。系统发育重建，遗传距离矩阵和质体序列的核苷酸多样性模式表明：（1）具有U和D基因组的一年生多倍体物种的母体供体与现存的Ae有关。umbellulata和Ae。陶西奇分别。具有S-，G-和B-基因组的一年生多倍体物种的母体供体起源于Aegilops属的Sitopsis节种。含Xe多倍体的一年生物种由埃莫氏（Eremopyrum）捐赠为雌性亲本。（2）假单胞菌属和沙生水草是多年生物种的母体供体，分别具有含St和Ns的多倍体；（3）由于谱系分选和/或叶绿体捕获不完全，恶果，镰孢和稻瘟病基因组将细胞质基因组贡献给了假单胞菌属，这些谱系通过多倍化遗传传递给含St的多倍体物种; （4）含St的多倍体物种之间存在网状关系。可以认为遗传异质性可能与小麦中多倍体的丰富性有关。由于不完整的谱系分选和/或叶绿体捕获，草和稻瘟病菌基因组为假单胞菌属贡献了细胞质基因组，这些谱系通过多倍化遗传传给含St的多倍体。（4）含St的多倍体物种之间存在网状关系。可以认为遗传异质性可能与小麦中多倍体的丰富性有关。由于不完整的谱系分选和/或叶绿体捕获，草和稻瘟病菌基因组为假单胞菌属贡献了细胞质基因组，这些谱系通过多倍化遗传传递给含St的多倍体。（4）含St的多倍体物种之间存在网状关系。可以认为遗传异质性可能与小麦中多倍体的丰富性有关。