In eukaryotes, histone H3K4 methylation by the MLL/SET1 family histone methyltransferases is enriched at transcription regulatory elements including gene promoters and enhancers. The level of H3K4 methylation is highly correlated with transcription activation and is one of the most frequently used histone post-translational modifications to predict transcriptional outcome. Recently, it has been shown that rearrangement of the cellular landscape of H3K4 mono-methylation at distal enhancers precedes cell fate transition and is used for identification of novel regulatory elements for development and disease progression. Similarly, broad H3K4 tri-methylation regions have also been used to predict intrinsic tumor suppression properties of regulator regions in a variety of cellular models. Understanding the regulation for how H3K4 methylation is deposited and regulated is of paramount importance. In this review, we will discuss new findings on how the MLL/SET1 family enzymes are regulated on chromatin and their potential functional and regulatory implications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The MLL family of proteins in normal development and disease edited by Thomas A Milne.

中文翻译：

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关于MLL / SET1家族组蛋白甲基转移酶调控的见解。

在真核生物中，通过MLL / SET1家族组蛋白甲基转移酶进行的组蛋白H3K4甲基化在包括基因启动子和增强子的转录调控元件上富集。H3K4甲基化水平与转录激活高度相关，并且是最常用的组蛋白翻译后修饰之一，可预测转录结果。最近，已经显示在远端增强子处H3K4单甲基化的细胞景观的重排在细胞命运转变之前，并用于鉴定新的发育和疾病进展的调控元件。同样，广泛的H3K4三甲基化区域也已用于预测多种细胞模型中调节子区域的固有肿瘤抑制特性。理解H3K4甲基化如何沉积和调控的调控至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论关于MLL / SET1家族酶如何在染色质上调节及其潜在功能和调节意义的新发现。本文是《特刊》（Thomas A Milne）编辑的《正常发育和疾病中的MLL蛋白家族》一期的一部分。