Background This paper presents a peculiar first case of an allergy to Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and Eragrostis tef (teff). Both teff and milk thistle have been presented in the literature (both domestic and foreign) in a positive light, the former as a new part of gluten-free diet, and the latter as a treatment for a number of conditions, particularly those of the liver. Case presentation A 29-year-old male presented at our clinic due to an episode of itching and burning in his mouth, swollen tongue, and difficulty swallowing following ingestion of teff flakes. He also reported sneezing, runny nose, watering and burning eyes, and wheezing following inhalation exposure to ground milk thistle. The patient's occupation is associated with exposure to these allergens. The patient underwent comprehensive allergy diagnostic assessments (including skin-prick testing, serum specific IgE levels, Faber test, spirometry, and acoustic rhinometry) and gastroenterological assessments. The diagnosis was established on skin tests with native allergens (milk thistle 16/35, teff flour 22/60, negative control 0/0, histamine 3/5) provided by the patient. There are no commercially available (standardized) tests for milk thistle or teff either in Poland or anywhere else in the world. Conclusions Milk thistle is available in the form of dry, finely-ground preparations (which are used as additives to bread, soups, and yoghurts) and extracts (which are used as ingredients in over-the-counter herbal remedies). Teff is a gluten-free cereal whose grains are rich in methionine, calcium, iron, folic acid, and antioxidants. This case report presents milk thistle and teff as potentially new allergens. A literature review revealed no similar allergy cases in Poland or elsewhere in the world.

中文翻译：

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对水飞蓟（奶蓟草）和画眉草（teff）过敏的病例。

背景 本文介绍了第一个对水飞蓟（奶蓟草）和画眉草（teff）过敏的特殊病例。画眉草和奶蓟草在文献（国内外）中都得到了正面的介绍，前者作为无麸质饮食的新组成部分，后者作为治疗多种疾病的方法，尤其是那些肝脏。病例介绍 一名 29 岁的男性在我们诊所就诊，原因是在摄入苔麸片后口腔瘙痒和灼热、舌头肿胀和吞咽困难。他还报告了在吸入磨碎的奶蓟草后打喷嚏、流鼻涕、流泪和灼热的眼睛以及喘息。患者的职业与接触这些过敏原有关。患者接受了全面的过敏诊断评估（包括皮肤点刺测试、血清特异性 IgE 水平、Faber 测试、肺活量测定和声鼻测定）和胃肠病学评估。诊断基于患者提供的天然过敏原（奶蓟草 16/35、teff 面粉 22/60、阴性对照 0/0、组胺 3/5）的皮肤测试。在波兰或世界其他任何地方都没有针对奶蓟草或画眉草的商业（标准化）测试。结论 奶蓟草以干燥、精细研磨的制剂（用作面包、汤和酸奶的添加剂）和提取物（用作非处方草药的成分）的形式提供。Teff 是一种无麸质谷物，其谷物富含蛋氨酸、钙、铁、叶酸和抗氧化剂。该病例报告将奶蓟草和画眉草作为潜在的新过敏原。文献回顾显示在波兰或世界其他地方没有类似的过敏病例。