Many plants of the genus Allium are widely cultivated and consumed for their nutraceutical and health-enhancing bioactive components effective in many metabolic and infectious diseases. In particular, Allium sativum L. (garlic), the most economically important Allium species, is known to present volatile, comparatively polar sulfur-containing compounds responsible for both the typical garlic aroma and antimicrobial property. More recently, the (moderately) polar portion of garlic metabolome, rich of polyphenols and amino acids, is gaining increasing interest as a source of antioxidants and primary nutrients. In this study, we have explored the chemical diversity of eight different hydroalcoholic extracts obtained by microwave-assisted extraction of white and red crop A. sativum and wild Allium triquetrum, Allium roseum, and Allium ampeloprasum, all originating from the Mediterranean Basin. The aim is to appraise their potential dietetic and healing value through an in-depth chemical characterization and contribute to preserve and exploit natural resources. The multimethodological method applied here is based on an untargeted metabolic profiling by means of high-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. More than 850 by ESI(+) and 450 by ESI(-) putative metabolites have been annotated covering all main classes of primary and secondary metabolites, including amino acids, alkaloids, organic and fatty acids, nucleotides, vitamins, organosulfur compounds, and flavonoids. The pigment and polyphenol components have been separated and quantified by a targeted chromatographic high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and CIEL*a*b* colorimetric assay, showing characteristic yellow and red components in each extract, related to a different milieu of anthocyanins and flavonoids as assigned by high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS).

中文翻译：

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基于高分辨率质谱、高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测器和颜色分析的不同野生和栽培葱属物种的代谢分析。

许多葱属植物因其营养保健品和增强健康的生物活性成分而被广泛种植和食用，这些成分对许多代谢和传染病有效。特别是，众所周知，最具经济价值的葱属物种 Allium sativum L.（大蒜）具有挥发性、极性相对较高的含硫化合物，这些化合物具有典型的大蒜香气和抗菌特性。最近，大蒜代谢组的（中等）极性部分富含多酚和氨基酸，作为抗氧化剂和主要营养素的来源越来越受到关注。在这项研究中，我们探索了通过微波辅助提取白色和红色作物 A. sativum 和野生大葱、玫瑰香葱和大葱，获得的八种不同水醇提取物的化学多样性，都起源于地中海盆地。目的是通过深入的化学特征评估它们潜在的饮食和治疗价值，并有助于保护和开发自然资源。这里应用的多方法方法是基于通过高分辨率电喷雾电离傅立叶变换离子回旋共振 (ESI FT-ICR) 质谱法进行的非靶向代谢分析。超过 850 种 ESI(+) 和 450 种 ESI(-) 推定代谢物已注释，涵盖初级和次级代谢物的所有主要类别，包括氨基酸、生物碱、有机和脂肪酸、核苷酸、维生素、有机硫化合物和黄酮类化合物.