Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, conventional MRI sequences and measures currently used in clinical practice have limitations in the appropriate diagnosis, prediction of future disability, and monitoring of disease activity in MS. A specific challenge is the accurate and timely diagnosis of progressive subtypes of MS. This article will summarize emerging MRI measures that may be of utility as clinical tools in diagnosis and prediction in MS. Although a wide range of MRI techniques have different strengths and weaknesses, those that will be discussed in this article include the “central vein sign,” leptomeningeal inflammation/enhancement, conventional and quantitative spinal cord imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and high-field MRI techniques. There are a number of novel and emerging MRI techniques that hold promise in improving diagnosis, prediction, and disease monitoring in MS.

中文翻译：

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用于 MS 精确诊断和疾病分期的新成像方法？

磁共振成像 (MRI) 彻底改变了多发性硬化症 (MS) 患者的诊断和管理。然而，目前临床实践中使用的常规 MRI 序列和措施在 MS 的适当诊断、未来残疾预测和疾病活动监测方面存在局限性。一个特定的挑战是准确及时地诊断 MS 的进行性亚型。本文将总结新兴的 MRI 测量方法，这些测量方法可用作 MS 诊断和预测的临床工具。尽管范围广泛的 MRI 技术具有不同的优势和劣势，但本文将讨论的技术包括“中央静脉征”、软脑膜炎症/增强、常规和定量脊髓成像、磁敏感加权成像、和高场 MRI 技术。有许多新出现的 MRI 技术有望改善 MS 的诊断、预测和疾病监测。