Natural biopolymers feature natural abundance, diverse chemical compositions, tunable properties, easy processability, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as nontoxicity, providing new opportunities for the development of flexible sensing and energy devices. Generally, biopolymers are utilized as the passive and active building blocks to endow the flexible devices with mechanical robustness and good biocompatibility. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review on natural biopolymer-based sensing and energy devices. The diverse structures and fabrication processes of three typical biopolymers, including silk, cellulose, and chitin/chitosan, are presented. We review their utilities as the supporting substrates/matrix, active middle layers, separators, electrolytes, and active components of flexible sensing devices (sensors, actuators, transistors) and energy devices (batteries, supercapacitors, triboelectric nanogenerators). Finally, the remaining challenges and future research opportunities are discussed.

天然生物聚合物具有天然丰富，化学成分多样，可调性，易加工性，出色的生物相容性和生物降解性以及无毒性等特点，为灵活的传感和能量设备的开发提供了新的机会。通常，生物聚合物被用作被动和主动构件，以赋予柔性装置机械鲁棒性和良好的生物相容性。这篇综述旨在对基于天然生物聚合物的传感和能量装置进行全面的综述。介绍了三种典型的生物聚合物（包括丝绸，纤维素和几丁质/壳聚糖）的不同结构和制造过程。我们将其作为支撑衬底/矩阵，有源中间层，隔离层，电解质，以及柔性传感设备（传感器，致动器，晶体管）和能量设备（电池，超级电容器，摩擦电纳米发电机）的有源组件。最后，讨论了剩余的挑战和未来的研究机会。