Agricultural management practices such as fertilization may affect the overall soil quality and nutrient supply capacity. In this study, we hypothesized that long‐term fertilization promotes (a) an increase in the proportion of easily degradable soil organic C, N, and S fractions and (b) changes in the soil C, N, and S stoichiometric ratios in the direction of favoring the specific nutrient added to the soil. We included S in our study due to the increasing importance of S fertilization in many agricultural soils. A long‐term experiment involving six fertilization treatments and maize (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as cash crops was conducted for 14 yr in an on‐farm network located in the Pampean region (Argentina). Long‐term fertilization did not have a central role in defining the C, N, and S distribution between soil organic fractions or their stoichiometric ratios since the particulate organic matter (POM)‐C/total C, POM‐S/total S, C/N, C/N, and N/S ratios were not affected by fertilization treatments and the mineralizable N/total N ratio varied in a very short range. Instead, long‐term fertilization increased residue C inputs to the soil (8.7–19 Mg ha⁻¹ over the unfertilized control) and, in turn, increases in soil total C, N, and S followed a linear relationship with residue inputs. This relationship was not affected by fertilization or site factors. These data contribute to understanding of the effects of continued fertilization on soil properties such as the distribution of fast‐ and slow‐cycling organic matter and nutrient concentrations, which are essential for effectively managing soils for sustainable agriculture.

中文翻译：

---

长期施肥不会影响土壤中碳/氮/硫比或毛状土壤中不稳定和非不稳定组分之间的比例

施肥等农业管理措施可能会影响土壤的整体质量和养分供应能力。在这项研究中，我们假设长期施肥会促进（a）易于降解的土壤有机C，N和S比例的增加，以及（b）土壤中C，N和S化学计量比的变化。有利于向土壤中添加特定养分的方向。由于在许多农业土壤中施硫越来越重要，因此我们在研究中包括了硫。一项长期试验，涉及六种施肥处理，包括玉米（Zea mays L.），大豆[ Glycine max（L.）Merr。]和小麦（Triticum aestivum）。L.），因为经济作物是在位于Pampean地区（阿根廷）的农场网络中进行的，为期14年。长期施肥在确定土壤有机组分之间的C，N和S分布或化学计量比方面没有中心作用，因为颗粒有机物（POM）-C /总C，POM-S /总S，C / N，C / N和N / S比不受施肥处理的影响，可矿化氮/总氮比在非常短的范围内变化。相反，长期施肥增加了土壤中残留碳的投入（8.7–19 Mg ha ^-1相对于未施肥的对照而言），土壤总C，N和S的增加与残留物输入呈线性关系。这种关系不受施肥或地点因素的影响。这些数据有助于了解持续施肥对土壤特性的影响，例如快，慢循环有机物的分布和养分浓度，这对于有效管理可持续农业的土壤至关重要。