Examining soil cracking due to evaporation and desiccation is very important as these two factors affect the permeability of soil in agricultural systems and engineering construction projects. In order to investigate the effects of a sustainable material on the evaporation and cracking of soil, biochar produced through pyrolysis with wheat straw was experimentally examined as an air‐dried additive. Soil was mixed with different amounts of biochar to produce the samples (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% by weight) which were then tested. The cracking properties were subsequently examined based on variations in water loss. The development of the cracks was quantitatively analyzed by using a digital image processing technique, which provided the optimum biochar content that would mitigate evaporation and the development of desiccation cracks. The results were then plotted, and the rate of evaporation of the water in the soil samples with different biochar contents showed an approximately “step” shaped curve, in which three stages could be observed: rapid, slow and constant rates of evaporation. The rate of evaporation quickly declined with a biochar content of 5%. The fractal dimension of the cracks was also reduced with increases in the biochar content, which meant that biochar could inhibit the degree of soil cracking. The optimum biochar content was therefore 5% by weight in this study, which may effectively prevent soil cracking and reduce evaporation, thus reducing landscape irrigation costs in urban infrastructures or irrigation costs in rural agricultural farming.

中文翻译：

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使用可持续的材料生物炭减轻土壤中的蒸发和干燥裂纹

检查由于蒸发和干燥引起的土壤开裂非常重要，因为这两个因素都会影响农业系统和工程建设项目中土壤的渗透性。为了研究可持续材料对土壤蒸发和开裂的影响，我们对通过麦草热解产生的生物炭作为风干添加剂进行了实验研究。将土壤与不同数量的生物炭混合以生产样品（0、2.5、5、10和20％重量），然后进行测试。随后基于失水量的变化来检查裂化性能。使用数字图像处理技术定量分析了裂纹的发展，该技术提供了最佳的生物炭含量，可减轻蒸发和干燥裂纹的发展。然后将结果绘制成图，不同生物炭含量的土壤样品中水的蒸发速率显示出近似“阶梯”形的曲线，其中可观察到三个阶段：快速，缓慢和恒定的蒸发速率。蒸发速度迅速下降，生物炭含量为5％。随着生物炭含量的增加，裂缝的分形维数也减小，这意味着生物炭可以抑制土壤开裂的程度。因此，本研究中最佳生物炭含量为5％（重量），可有效防止土壤开裂并减少蒸发，从而降低城市基础设施的景观灌溉成本或农村农业的灌溉成本。不同生物炭含量的土壤样品中水的蒸发速率显示出近似“阶梯”形的曲线，可观察到三个阶段：快速，缓慢和恒定的蒸发速率。蒸发速度迅速下降，生物炭含量为5％。随着生物炭含量的增加，裂缝的分形维数也减小，这意味着生物炭可以抑制土壤开裂的程度。因此，本研究中最佳生物炭含量为5％（重量），可有效防止土壤开裂并减少蒸发，从而降低城市基础设施的景观灌溉成本或农村农业的灌溉成本。不同生物炭含量的土壤样品中水的蒸发速率呈近似“阶梯”形曲线，可观察到三个阶段：快速，缓慢和恒定的蒸发速率。蒸发速度迅速下降，生物炭含量为5％。随着生物炭含量的增加，裂缝的分形维数也减小，这意味着生物炭可以抑制土壤开裂的程度。因此，本研究中最佳生物炭含量为5％（重量），可有效防止土壤开裂并减少蒸发，从而降低城市基础设施的景观灌溉成本或农村农业的灌溉成本。蒸发速度迅速下降，生物炭含量为5％。随着生物炭含量的增加，裂缝的分形维数也减小，这意味着生物炭可以抑制土壤开裂的程度。因此，本研究中最佳生物炭含量为5％（重量），可以有效防止土壤开裂并减少蒸发，从而降低城市基础设施的景观灌溉成本或农村农业的灌溉成本。蒸发速度迅速下降，生物炭含量为5％。随着生物炭含量的增加，裂缝的分形维数也减小，这意味着生物炭可以抑制土壤开裂的程度。因此，本研究中最佳生物炭含量为5％（重量），可有效防止土壤开裂并减少蒸发，从而降低城市基础设施的景观灌溉成本或农村农业的灌溉成本。