A cellular automata model for overcrowded pedestrian flow is proposed by dividing a normal cell into nine small cells, among which the compressibility is such that one pedestrian referred by a central cell can share a side or corner cell with at most one or three other pedestrians. The compressibility between a pedestrian and a wall is half as much as that between pedestrians. Hence the model allows a density exceeding . The direction of motion minimizes the deviation from the negative gradient of cost potential, and the probability of movement decreases with the deviation and travel cost. The simulated fundamental diagram and evacuation process generally agree with field studies in the literature. The increased cost helps reproduce the formation of lanes in counter-flow; however, the degree depends on the amplitude of increase and the density, which is measured by the probability of gridlock and order parameter through simulation.

中文翻译：

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过度拥挤行人流的势场元胞自动机模型

通过将一个正常单元格划分为 9 个小单元格，提出了一种用于过度拥挤行人流的元胞自动机模型，其中的可压缩性使得中心单元格所指的一个行人可以与最多一三个其他行人共享一个边或角单元格。行人和墙壁之间的可压缩性是行人之间的一半。因此该模型允许密度超过 。运动的方向最小化了与成本潜力负梯度的偏差，运动的概率随着偏差和旅行成本的增加而降低。模拟的基本图和疏散过程与文献中的现场研究大体一致。增加的成本有助于重现逆流车道的形成；然而，程度取决于增加的幅度和密度，