ABSTRACT A Cochlodinium-like species was isolated from the Korean coast and examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The species was characterised by cellular torsion, cingulum with 1.25 turns and sulcus with 0.25 turn, and a hemispherical hypocone. The nucleus was curved, and sausage-shaped, and there were small, dark grains distributed at the cell periphery, which were also reported in the original description of Gyrodinium flavescens by Kofoid & Swezy (1921). SEM observations revealed that the apical structure complex of the species formed a complete circle surrounding the cell apex, consisting of three parallel rows of vesicles; and that the outer rows, composed of small vesicles, were visible along the sides of cingulum. These morphological features were identical to those of Torquentidium convolutum. Phylogeny-based on small subunit and large subunit rDNA sequences, confirmed that the species was closely related to T. convolutum within the family Ceratoperidiniaceae. However, the species was distinct from T. convolutum by differences in cingulum and sulcus turn numbers, shape of hypocone in dorsal view and size. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we propose Torquentidium flavescens comb. nov. nested within the family Ceratoperidiniaceae.

中文翻译：

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将 Gyrodinium flavescens Kofoid & Swezy 重新分类为 Torquentidium flavescens 梳子。十一月 (Ceratoperidiniaceae, Dinophyceae)，基于形态学和系统发育

摘要 从韩国海岸分离出一种类 Cochlodinium 物种，并通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 进行检查。该物种的特征是细胞扭转，扣带回 1.25 转，沟回转 0.25 转，以及半球形下锥体。细胞核呈弯曲状，呈香肠状，细胞外围分布有小而暗的颗粒，这在Kofoid & Swezy (1921) 对Gyrodinium flavescens 的原始描述中也有报道。SEM观察表明，该物种的顶端结构复合体在细胞顶端形成了一个完整的圆形，由三排平行的囊泡组成；并且沿着扣带的侧面可以看到由小囊泡组成的外排。这些形态特征与 Torquentidium convolutum 相同。系统发育基于小亚基和大亚基 rDNA 序列，证实该物种与 Ceratoperidiniaceae 家族中的 T. convolutum 密切相关。然而，该物种与 T. convolutum 的不同之处在于扣带和沟转数、背侧视锥体的形状和大小的差异。基于形态学和系统发育分析，我们提出了 Torquentidium flavescens 梳子。十一月 嵌套在Ceratoperidiniaceae科中。十一月 嵌套在Ceratoperidiniaceae科中。十一月 嵌套在 Ceratoperidiniaceae 科中。